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June 4th, 2009:

Is maternal-choice caesarean section a symptom of a broken system?

For further information, contact Melissa Maimann at Essential Birth Consulting.

I have been reading the June 09 issue of “Women and Birth: Journal of the Australian College of Midwives”. This is Australia’s national midwifery peer-reviewed journal.

There is an article entitled “Swedish Caregivers’ Attitudes Towards Caesarean Section on Maternal Request”.

I was astounded to see that the CS rate in Sweden was a mere 17.7% in 2006. Contrast this with Australia’s rate of 31% in 2006! Swedish midwives and obstetricians who were interviewed for this study displayed a conflict between resistance and respect of the woman’s decision for maternal-choice caesarean.

The Context of Swedish Maternity Care

Antenatal care in Sweden is organised within the public primary health care system with the midwife as the primary caregiver, taking care of all pregnant women in a certain geographical area during pregnancy. Care during labour, birth and the postnatal period occurs in hospitals with midwives as the independent caregiver for uncomplicated cases. Midqives work in collaboration with obstetricians if complications occur. There are no alternative birth settings in Sweden and continuity of caregiver between episodes of care is rare.

Formally, caesarean section is not an option women can choose themselves. The obstetrician has to be convinced of the need to perform surgery without a medical indication. The majority of obstetric departments in hospitals have established qualified teams who provide support for women who suffer from childbirth-related fear. If a woman wishes to have a CS, she is referred to such a team before she meets the obstetrican for the final decision.

Several things interest me about this system.

There is no private system. No private hospitals, no private obstetricians, and no private midwives. There are no birth centres. Why do we have such a range of options in this country? On the surface, it may seem logical to believe that since all women are different, they have different needs, and hence we need many options to try to keep most women happy. But are most women happy with the birth options that are open to them? Unfortunately, I’d have to say the answer is no. Sure, we have some birth centres and some midwifery models of care, we have private obstetrics or midwifery and so on, but since all of these options are not available to every woman, in some ways I think this creates even more dismay about current options.

So, we have lots of options, presumably because women are all individual and want different things. But are women happy with the current services? I’d say a resounding no. I would also challenge the opinion that women are all individual and want different things out of their maternity care. I think women all want the same thing, when push comes to shove. They want continuity of care, from someone they know and trust. They want input into their care, they want to be a part of the decisions that are made. I think the reason we have so many options in this country is that each option is woefully inadequate. Each successive option is an attempt to patch-up the broken maternity health care system. I think the more options we have, the stronger this argument is. We have birth centres because hospital delivery suites are too clinical and cold …. and most will not “allow” water birth. We have homebirth midwives because birth centre inclusion criteria are too strict or because women want consinuity of midwifery care. We have private hospitals because some public hospitals look too worn and uncomfortable to birth in. And sometimes the food leaves a lot to be desired! We have private obstetricians because women wish to know the doctor who will attend them should anything go “wrong”. And so on.

What is we simply fixed the system???

Sweden recognises and protects the role of the midwife as the primary care provider for well, healthy women. And it recognises and protects the valuable input of obstetricians when things deviate rfom normal. In this manner, they no doubt have a much larger midwifery work force, relative to the obstetric workforce that we’d see in the metropolital areas on Australia. And no doubt a more appropriate use of midwifery and obstetric resources.

Sweden provides support for women who fear birth. This is only available privately (psychology) in this country, although some hospitals also offer social work services for women who fear birth. What a great system to have in place, that women who fear birth are referred for psychological help. Afterall, do doctors routinely place colostomies in people if they fear defecation? If not, then why do they perform caesarean sections on women who fear birth?

I believe the changes that are suggested as part of the budget and the maternity services review will go a long way to reform maternity care in this country. Women will be able to access a private midwife as their primary care provider, with access to an obstetrician if needed. Birth will be in hospital or birth centre. If home birth is desired, this option will not be funded by medicare or insured – much the same as our current situation.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Aggressive Neonatal Care Improves Extreme Preterm Survival

For further information, contact Melissa Maimann at Essential Birth Consulting.

Link

Even extremely preterm infants have a high likelihood of survival today in settings with active perinatal care, a large Swedish study has found.

… Among 707 infants born before gestational week 27, some 91% were admitted to neonatal intensive care units and 70% survived to one year …

The overall perinatal mortality was 45%, and ranged from 24% among infants at 26 weeks gestation to 93% at 22 weeks …

Preterm births have been increasing worldwide, and advances in perinatal medicine have been saving some of the most immature infants, but uncertainties remain about survival rates, developmental difficulties, and high costs.

… Of 305,318 total infants born, 1,011 arrived before week 27, for an incidence of extreme prematurity of 3.3 per 1,000 infants.

A total of 707 babies (70%) were live born, while 304 (30%) were stillborn.

There were 102 multiple births (11%).

… 7% of the pregnancies resulted from in vitro fertilization.

Clinical complications such as preeclampsia or antepartum hemorrhage occurred in 36% of the pregnancies.

A total of 210 live-born babies (30%) died before one year, including 152 (22%) who died during the first week of life. Of those who died, 8% died in the delivery room, and 5% died between days 7 and 27, the investigators found.

… an increased risk of death was associated with the infant being small for gestational age (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.58, P=0.04) or a multiple birth (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.77, P=0.01).

Among the infants who survived for at least 24 hours and were born at 22 weeks, the chance of one-year survival was lower than for those born at 23 or 24 weeks (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.71, P=0.01).

Those infants, in turn, had a lower survival rate than those born at 25 or 26 weeks (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.78, P=0.002), according to the investigators.

Overall survival at one year was:
10% for infants born at 22 weeks
53% for those born at 23 weeks
67% for those born at 24 weeks
82% for those born at 25 weeks
85% for those born at 26 weeks

… factors the investigators identified as being associated with a lower risk of death were:

Antenatal tocolytic treatment (OR 0.60 … )
Antenatal corticosteroid treatment (OR 0.41 … )
Surfactant treatment within two hours after birth (OR 0.48 … )
Birth at a level III hospital (OR 0.78 …)

Cesarean delivery, however, was not associated with a lower risk of death (OR 0.98 … ).

… The findings of the study highlight the improvements in survival among extremely premature babies since a previous cohort of 931 Swedish babies born between 1990 and 1992 at less than 1,000 grams was studied.

… Aside from a more interventional approach, egalitarian Swedish health policies also may have helped in the increased rates of survival, with adherence to antenatal care programs being nearly universal.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Mums charged $20,000 to give birth in hospitals. Private Midwifery: affordable, safe, respectful

For further information about midwifery, continuity of care, and home or hospital birth, contact Melissa Maimann at Essential Birth Consulting.

Link

WEALTHY expectant mothers are being charged as much as $20,000 to give birth in private hospitals.

An investigation by The Daily Telegraph reveals NSW is home to some of the most expensive obstetricians in the country, with some women paying more simply because of where they live.

The revelation comes as the state’s chief obstetrician Dr Alec Welsh revealed many of his colleagues appear to have jacked-up up their fees in order to milk the taxpayer-funded system.

Dr Keith Hartman – considered the obstetrician to the stars – charges $9345 for his services.

That makes Dr Hartman … one of the most expensive obstetricians in the country.

And if an expectant mother chooses to have Dr Hartman and give birth at Sydney’s top private hospital, Mater Hospital at Crows Nest, she could be hit with a bill of more than $20,000.

Mater Hospital is the birth place to many wealthy celebrity bubs, including Indigo Packer and Cate Blanchett’s three sons.

… where you live can determine how much you are charged for a private obstetrician.

In Penrith, Dr John Pardy charges more than $3000 while in regional areas such as Orange the average fee is about $1200 to $1400.

The Federal Government has just ordered a crackdown on skyrocketing fees by changing the amount women can claim back through the safety net.

It hopes by doing this doctors will either lower their fees or women will chose a cheaper option.

Private midwifery provides this option. Fees range between $4000 and $5000 in Sydney, and private midwives do not charge more simply because women live in a wealthy suburb. Whereever you live, you are assured the same high quality care and service, all in your home, at a time that suits you. Private health insurance benefits may apply, and services qualify for the net medical expenses tax off-set. Private midwifery is available for home or hospital birth.

But Australian Medical Association’s newly elected president Dr Andrew Pesce, who is also an obstetrician, believes the Government’s reforms don’t go far enough.

“I believe the Government didn’t estimate for the majority of women who are seeing private obstetrician who will be worse off under the funding arrangement,” he said.

“Some women will not meet the threshold of $1100 and they won’t get a single cent back.”

So this, in effect, provides women with a financial dis-incentive to have private obstetric care. is this such a bad thing, if healthy pregnant women are forced to consider other options that are actually safer for them, such as midwifery care? Maybe it will go a long way in reducing the country’s disgraceful record of medical intervention, most of which is unjustified.

Obstetrician fees increased by 16.2 per cent between 2006 and 2007 – from $1088.55 to $1264. By July 2008, the average fee was $1980.

The dramatic increase in costs means that Medicare is now paying three times as much in fees per private birth as it was a decade ago. It was $721 per birth in 1997-98 compared with $2357 per birth in 2007-08.

Women’s advocacy group What Women Want organiser Justine Caines said unless the birth was considered high risk, there wasn’t much difference in the services offered.

I love Justine, but I disagree with this comment. Private midwifery care means all care in your home. Consultations are 1 to 2 hours long. And the midwife isn’t just called for the birth – maybe making it, maybe not. The midwife is there throughout the labour, birth and early postnatal period. It’s true continuity of care. I calculated that the average private midwifery service may include 86 hours of care. Name an obstetrician who provides this level of care.

“Sometimes you don’t even get your obstetrician that you paid thousands for at your birth because he/she isn’t working that late at night or weekend,” Ms Caines said.

“All women should have choices and we are not criticising if a woman decides she wants an obstetrician.

… While obstetricians are cagey about their fees, one leading specialist has spoken out about the exorbitant costs.

NSW chair of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetrician and Gynaecologists Alec Welsh said he wondered whether obstetricians would “fix their fees at the same level” if they knew the Medicare Safety Net was covering the majority.

“If a private practitioner feels their skills are worth a certain amount, that’s fine but I don’t think that should necessarily come from a national purse and that’s particularly at a time when the hospitals are struggling,” he said.

Professor Welsh, a strong advocate of the public system, is also head of a program at RHW in which midwives are in control of low and medium risk births – a necessity caused by a shortage of obstetrician in the public sector.

And no doubt demand for services that are woman-friendly, that give women a sense of control, and that allow women to have a known midwife with them the whole way through their pregnancy, birth and postnatal period.

“It’s very hard for us to fill public hospital specialist positions, even with some of the major teaching hospitals in Sydney, because from the perspective of personal remuneration the alternative is so attractive,” he said.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Many mums smoke through pregnancy

For further information, contact Melissa Maimann at Essential Birth Consulting.

The research is published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Many Australian women who smoke don’t quit during pregnancy … and when they cut back it’s only by a couple of cigarettes a day.

… 37 per cent of the women were smokers before they fell pregnant, and this declined to about 25 per cent once they became aware of their condition.

Those who continued to smoke … reduced their intake from an average of 16 cigarettes a day to 13.

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, and a host of health problems for the baby linked to an increased risk of premature birth and low birth weight.

… The study also found that more than 40 per cent of women in the study were overweight or obese, they consumed half the recommended serving of fruit and a third of the recommended serving of vegetables.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448