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January, 2010:

Midwife-developed care package shortlisted for award

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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A care package for early labour, which centres on midwives giving plenty of one-to-one time to women who are in the latent phase, has been shortlisted for an award.

The package, called “Getting it right at the very beginning”, has been shortlisted for the “Research into Practice” category of the 2010 Royal College of Midwife Awards.

… “Not only have we had very positive feedback from the women who received the care, but midwives have also seen the benefits.”

11 per cent gave birth without any pain relief and 21 per cent used paracetamol to take the edge off the pain … and more women used natural pain relief like a birthing pool or bath.

Of the group that received the care package, 73 per cent had a normal birth, without any clinical interventions. The Caesarean Section rate was 13.5 per cent.

This compared with a 37.5 per cent normal birth rate for the women who didn’t have the early targeted support, and a Caesarean Section rate of 37.5 per cent.

The care package is a set of six proven actions which work in harmony to benefit the outcome of the labour and give women a positive birth experience.
* L – Look and Listen;
* A – Assess maternal observations;
* T – Time;
* E – Encouragement;
* N – Non-pharmacological pain relief;
* T – Telephone

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Fertility Drugs Contribute Heavily To Multiple Births

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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The widespread use of … fertility drugs, not just high-tech laboratory procedures, likely plays a larger role than previously realized in the growing problem of premature births in the United States, because these drugs cause a high percentage of multiple births …

… controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) drugs — used to stimulate a woman’s ovaries to speed the maturity and multiply the production of eggs — accounts for four times more live births than assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) such as in vitro fertilization.

“Many people have focused on the role of ARTs in multiples and have not fully appreciated that fertility drugs alone are responsible for one out of every five multiple births,” … “COH drugs are widely prescribed, and some health care professionals … are not aware of the serious risks of fertility drugs to women and their babies. There is a very high possibility of multi-fetal pregnancy resulting from use of these drugs, and that brings a high risk of prematurity and lifelong health problems for the babies as a consequence.”

… About 60 percent of twins, more than 90 percent of triplets, and virtually all quadruplets and higher-order multiples are born prematurely … studies have also suggested that even infants born singly, but conceived with ovulation stimulation are at increased risk for preterm delivery than naturally conceived single births …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Half of China’s births are C-sections

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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… Nearly half of all births in China are delivered by Caesarean section, the world’s highest rate …

The boom in unnecessary surgeries is jeopardising women’s health …

Unnecessary C-sections … raise the risk of complications for the mother … C-sections have reached “epidemic proportions” in many countries worldwide.

The most dramatic findings were in China, where 46 per cent of births reviewed were C-sections — a quarter of them not medically necessary …

“So many pregnant women ask for a Caesarean birth in China, but we always suggest that they have a natural birth,” …

“It’s bad to have so many Caesarean births because natural birth is the ideal way.”

The WHO … found 27 per cent were … partially motivated by hospitals eager to make more money.

… Women undergoing C-sections that are not medically necessary are more likely to die …

… babies born by Caesarean have a greater chance for respiratory problems. The … procedure benefits babies during breech births.

In Asia, some women opt for the surgery to choose their delivery day after consulting fortune tellers for “lucky” birthdays or times. Others fear painful natural births or worry their vaginas may be stretched or damaged by a normal delivery …

… China’s 46 per cent C-section rate was followed by Vietnam and Thailand with 36 per cent and 34 per cent, respectively. The lowest rates were in Cambodia, with 15 per cent, and India, with 18 per cent.

The study … noted that more than 60 per cent of the hospitals … were motivated by financial incentives to perform surgeries …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Giving new life to the role of the father

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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More fathers than ever before may attend the birth of their child, but the government is keen to involve them even more closely in pregnancy …

… fathers-to-be will be the target audience of new leaflets and pamphlets, while the midwives’ body has been asked to draw up new guidelines for its members on how to better draw fathers into the process of pregnancy and birth.

The Guide for New Dads, produced in conjunction with the Fatherhood Institute (FI), will provide information on a range of issues from paternity leave to breastfeeding.

“We know men want to be involved with a new baby, but so many chances to engage them are missed,” says Adrienne Burgess, head of research at the FI. “The truth is if you want a mother to eat well during pregnancy, or quit smoking, you have to get the father involved at early stage because his behaviour will unquestionably influence hers.

And while fathers may say when it comes to breastfeeding – ‘I’ll support you in whatever you choose to do’, mothers’ perceptions about what the father really thinks about breastfeeding and the toll it may take on the body are one reason she may stop.

… “One issue this raises is whether men will in the end feel more confident … – many studies attest to the way maternal anxiety has increased significantly under the weight of ‘expert’ advice about how to rear children,” …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

No Need for Most Moms to Fast During Labor

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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Although conventional wisdom has long held that women shouldn’t eat or drink during labor, the scientific evidence suggests there’s no reason for the prohibition …

“… there is no justification for the restriction of fluids and food in labor for women at low risk of complications,” …

… Until the 1940s, women were generally encouraged to eat and drink during labor … to keep up their strength.

… a 1946 paper … suggested that access to food increased the risk that women under anesthesia would aspirate acidic stomach contents during labor, potentially causing serious lung injury and even death.

Mendelson’s work persuaded many obstetricians to urge that women fast until after delivery …

… anesthesia procedures have changed markedly since the 1940s, with regurgitation of stomach contents now considered very rare.

“The policy of routine restriction of foods and fluids in labor in many hospitals across the world generally does not reflect women’s preferences or cultural expectations,” …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Mother “butchered” during home birth

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A mother was left needing reconstructive surgery after … trying to deliver her baby …

Victoria Anderson needed extensive plastic surgery after [her] … midwife ‘randomly hacked’ at her and her 12lb baby with a pair of scissors.

Little [baby] Daisy was cut and pulled so forcefully during her birth that the nerves in her neck and arm were completely severed. She is disabled as a result.

The Nursing and Midwifery Council yesterday heard that Mrs Anderson, 39, employed [the midwife] to deliver her third daughter at her home …

Mrs Anderson … wanted the deal with the same midwife throughout her pregnancy.

However, she had developed diabetes while pregnant and as a result baby Daisy had grown to an enormous 12lb inside her womb.

… ‘I got in the birthing pool but I was struggling to get the head out.

‘I’ve got a history of having big babies so I asked [my midwife] to cut me to get the baby out.

‘She did cut me and I could see the head so I thought I was home and dry – but then nothing happened.

‘I thought I would deliver the shoulders and Daisy would be out but suddenly [my midwife] started to get stressed.

… When Daisy eventually arrived she had lost colour through a lack of oxygen and so was put in an ambulance and rushed to hospital.

… ‘It seemed to me that [our midwife] was wrestling with the head …

‘I remember lots of cuts and … blood. The last thing I remember before the baby was born was [our midwife] putting both hands inside Ms A and just pulling her out.’

Mrs Anderson, who has three other daughters, told the panel that her bowel had been permanently damaged during the procedure and she has since had to have extensive reconstructive surgery.

Her daughter Daisy suffers from Erb’s palsy, a condition which causes paralysis …

After the birth the Andersons tried to sue Mrs Rose, but they were told they could not pursue the claim as the midwife did not have indemnity insurance …

It is not available for independent mdiwives in the UK, the same as it is not available for Australian independent midwives.

… [The midwife] is charged with inducing the birth when there was no medical reason to do so; not recognising sooner the labour could be an obstetric emergency; failing to call for immediate assistance; failing to ensure a second midwife was present and failing to follow protocol.

If found guilty of misconduct, she could be banned from working as a midwife …

Readers of this blog will know by now that I put up articles on the good, the bad and the ugly. Let’s take this apart and understand what has happened here.

A woman engages the services of a midwife for a planned home birth. No problem there. However, she developed gestational diabetes. Automatically, this places the woman and her baby at an increased risk and by hospital standards, this birth ought to have occurred in hospital. For some reason it didn’t: either the woman was advised of the risks and decided to remain home (let’s not forget that in the UK, women have the right to a midwife-attended home birth) or the midwife had assessed that in this case, a home birth was a reasonable and safe option.

Certainly, diabetes that is well controlled may guide the midwife to believe that home birth is a safe option. Provided that the baby is not too big, the fluid volume is normal, the glucose levels are normal and the blood pressure is normal … home birth could be a reasonable option.

However, in this woman’s case her baby was very large. Maybe the midwife thought the baby was a normal size; maybe she thought it was big, told the mother and the mother wanted to continue with her home birth plans. The article does not make this clear.

So now we fast forward to the birth. The head is not born easily and the woman and midwife are concerned. The woman asks the midwife to perform an episiotomy and the midwife does this. There is difficulty with birthing the head even after the episiotomy and the shoulders are well-and-truly stuck. The midwife cuts another episiotomy and moves the woman to an all-fours position which is useful for freeing stuck shoulders. Eventually, with much manoeuvering, the baby is born, needing resuscitation (as we would expect) and with nerve damage (also expected as a consequence of shoulder dystocia).

What else could the mdiwife have done once in that situation? Nothing really! The baby has to be born and it was not coming with maternal effort; assistance was needed and it sounds like the midwife provided the appropriate assistance. Of course this was and is terribly stressful for the parents and the midwife.

The midwife is uninsured and the parents cannot sue her. They now have a child who needs medical care, and a mother who needs surgery and they have no funds to access to cover their costs. The midwife will most likely lose her registration.

What could have been done differently? This pregnancy could have been considered to be high risk: a woman with gestational diabetes and a large baby. Had the birth occurred in hospital, perhaps the same outcome would have occurred. It would have been prevented by caesarean section which might have been offered in hospital, but would the woman have accepted a caesarean after having 2 or 3 other vaginal births? We’ll never know the woman’s wishes for her birth. Perhaps hospital birth was offered or advised and the woman declined. The midwife remained with the woman and acted appropriately given the emergency situation that she was faced with. What more could she have done?

Follow-up from this piece:
I have since learned that the midwife was de-registered. She did not attend the hearing.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Albany should remain a model for maternity care

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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An independent midwifery service specialising in home births that had its contract with the NHS terminated over safety concerns should remain a model for maternity care, according to the country’s most senior midwife.

Professor Cathy Warwick, general secretary of the Royal College of Midwives, described the loss of the Albany practice, a leading group based in South London, as a “great disappointment”. She said she was concerned it was being used to “colour the debate” on giving birth at home.

… In her first interview since King’s College Hospital ended the Albany contract last year, Professor Warwick told The Times that the situation should have been avoided as it was widely acknowledged that the home birth service brought “a huge number of positives”.

Professor Warwick’s comments come after fierce criticism of the decision to axe the Albany by mothers, health professionals and politicians. She said that a confidential report into the practice, commissioned by King’s, had highlighted legitimate issues of governance, but it had neither recommended closure nor supported conclusions being drawn about the safety of giving birth away from hospital.

Professor Warwick, the former director of midwifery and women’s services at King’s, was responsible for drawing up the first contract with the Albany service in 1997. The group was widely celebrated as a pioneering means of providing expectant mothers with more birthing choices and a greater continuity of care during and after pregnancy …

… King’s remained one of the best providers of maternity care in hospital and community settings … “I think there is still a core of people who do fundamentally feel that babies are better born in hospital,” …

… The CMACE review was commissioned after King’s identified 11 cases … brain damage … in two and a half years.

The report … concluded that “risk factors for a poor outcome in pregnancy were being overlooked by Albany midwives”, and that home births were sometimes being encouraged when not medically appropriate. It does not recommend the termination of the service, and also criticises the negative attitudes of some hospital staff “to the whole concept of birth taking place outside a hospital’s perimeters, and towards midwives who promote home birth”.

Dozens of mothers and other campaigners have protested over the termination of the contract …

Professor Warwick said … she felt the service had fallen victim to wrangling by both sides which had prevented a satisfactory resolution. She said: “The inference is being made that [this midwifery model] is on the more extreme end of safety. You cannot say this model is more or less safe in terms of morbidity and mortality,” she said. “The issue that is most pertinent is we want to give women choice.”

King’s, which has one of the best records of home birth in the country, said it remains committed to midwifery-led care for women.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

54% of maternal deaths in Africa are due to unsafe abortion

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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About 54% of all maternal deaths in Africa are due to unsafe abortion because of restrictive legislation and lack of access to modern family planning methods …

… should reject leaders who do not treat the lives of mothers humanely saying that mothers should not be coerced into motherhood.

… women in developing world … are dying from unsafe abortion even though there are great advances in medical technology.

… ‘Women are not dying from the diseases that we cannot treat but they are dying because societies have yet to make the decision that their lives are worth saving’. …

In Uganda, the maternal mortality rate is at 435 deaths per 100,000 live births …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Home births: deadly or desirable?

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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After six hospital births … Melissa Read decided to bring her seventh child, Ayla, into the world at home.

“Doctors had told me home births were incredibly risky but I did a lot of research and the midwives understood what I was talking about and how I felt,” Ms Read said.

“It was an incredible experience that was more than I expected for myself, my husband and my kids.”

Independent midwives have slammed reports this week that home births put babies at a greater risk of dying than those born in hospital.

A widely reported … study showed that babies born at home are seven times more likely to die of complications and 27 times more likely to die from lack of oxygen.

The Australian Medical Association (AMA) and the National Association of Specialist Obstetricians and Gynaecologists used the study to warn against the dangers of home birth.

But the report, which compared 297,192 planned hospital births with 1141 planned home births … also showed that the perinatal death rate was similar for both kinds of births.

The 16-year long study recorded nine perinatal deaths in the planned home-birth group, seven of which were actually born in hospital, and 2440 deaths in planned hospital births.

Home birth advocates criticised the report, saying the research was flawed. The report itself states “small numbers with large confidence intervals limit interpretation of these data”.

However, homebirth studies in Australia can only include small numbers because less than 1% births occur at home.

“In the 16-year study period there were only three perinatal deaths for which one can reasonably assume that a different choice of care provider, location of birth or timing of transfer to hospital might have made a difference to the outcome,” says the report.

… the study showed there was only a slightly higher risk in choosing a home birth. And if done properly with a low-risk pregnancy, there was no real difference.

Exactly. What the study really shows is that low-risk, midwife-attended home birth is a *safer* option than hospital birth. The issues are around risk assessment and management … and the right of women to accept or reject advice.

“The risk is mainly in people who have home births that shouldn’t have them, such as having twins, a breach birth or people too far beyond their due date,” Prof Keirse said.

These outcomes of these births is better when they occur in hospital.

“A mother has to be responsible when deciding what kind of birth to have and these mothers are taking unacceptably high risks.”

Prof Keirse said he was scared by the number of women choosing to have home births after already having had a caesarean.

“When a problem happens and you are at home you have no real way of dealing with it,” he said.

“One of these days we will not only lose a baby but a mother as well.”

Homebirth Australia national secretary Justine Caines said the reporting of the study by the AMA was irresponsible.

“I think they are trying to push a political agenda and outlaw or force home birth underground, which is incredibly irresponsible,” Ms Caines said.

“The report says there are 7.9 deaths per 1000 in planned home births, compared to 8.2 in planned hospital births, but they didn’t all stay home births and the real figure of births that actually occurred at home is 2.5 deaths per 1000.”

The study title states it was looking at *planned* home birth and *planned* hospital birth. Actual place of birth was not the focus of the study. If the study focussed on the babies that were born at home, it would have had to include babies who were intended to be born in hospital, but arrived too quickly at home. These births are possibly riskier than planned home birth.

Last year the Federal Government refused to include home birth under its midwifery indemnity scheme.

The decision forced many midwives underground and threatened to increase the number of women ”freebirthing”, or delivering at home without any medical supervision.

This has not happened as the changes will not come into effect until July 1, 2010.

Ms Caines said from July this year midwives were at risk of not being able to be registered under the Commonwealth reforms.

“In the UK there is a legislative right that if the woman choses a home birth there is a responsibility that they have a trained health professional with them,” she said.

In the UK, it is illegal for women to have unassisted births. We do not have this law in Australia.

“A woman has a right to make an informed consent to a home birth and if she understands the advice she’s received it’s not my right to say you can’t do that.”

AMA president and obstetrician Andrew Pesce said the study supported the association’s stance against home births.

“The current evidence would mean we could not support home birth given that it is associated with higher risk of babies dying,” Mr Pesce said.

“The risk of what is happening now needs to be acknowledged and the midwives and people involved in home births need to put plans in place to manage those risks.”

The AMA admitted the study revealed many positives for home birth but maintained it was too great a risk for mothers and babies.

SA independent midwife Julie Garrett said midwives were aware of the complications, but had a duty to support the choice of a mother.

And this is the crux of the matter: midwives do not act irresponsibly. We do inform women of the risks. But women are free to choose amongst options and to make the right decision for them.

Ms Garrett said the culture in Australia needed to change to support midwife-based care as an alternative.

“In England and New Zealand they are bringing in home births, while Holland has an almost completely midwife-based care model. It’s the culture here that needs to change. Women should be able to choose.”

In the UK, NZ and the Netherlands, health policy supports low risk home birth. Even in a country such as the Netherlands, where home brith is a normal birthing option, the home birth rate is only 30%. 70% women need to birth in hospital or choose to birth in hospital, and there is no stigma attached to it. In a country such as Australia, with a caesarean rate in excess of 30%, a maximum of 70% women will be “eligible” by risk-assessment standards, to birth at home. Add to that twins, breeches, women going over 41 weeks or less than 37 weeks, high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, big babies and so on, and you can understand that even if home birth is a government-supported option, it will not be an option for the majority of women.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Overweight Pregnant Women May Be Putting Their Infants At Risk

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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In recent years, there has been a large increase in the prevalence of overweight and obese women of childbearing age, with approximately 51% of non-pregnant women ages 20 to 39 being classified as overweight or obese.

… obesity in pregnant women is associated with pregnancy complications, birth defects, as well as a greater risk of childhood and adult obesity in infants born to obese mothers.

… obese women are more likely to have an infant with a neural tube defect, heart defects, or multiple anomalies than women with a normal BMI.

Obese pregnant women also put themselves at a higher risk of pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, induction of labor, cesarean delivery, and postpartum hemorrhage, compared with women with normal pregnancy body mass indexes.

… obesity among pregnant mothers is linked to childhood obesity in their infants. Obesity during pregnancy more than doubles the risk of obesity in children at two to four years of age …

The article emphasizes the need for women to consult with their healthcare providers about what their ideal pre-conception weight should be …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Home births: home born is best

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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There’s a type of woman that I will never be. She wears a kaftan, fries up a tasty placenta and offers breast milk to a fully verbal six-year-old. But – whisper it – I had a home birth.

It’s a myth: home births are not the preserve of earth mothers. Give me a G&T over a raspberry tea any day …

When I became pregnant in 2003, I was terrified. I decided to give myself the best chance of a ”natural” birth. I got fit, watched videos of other births and practised HypnoBirthing. And despite advice to the contrary, I knew that I didn’t want to go through labour in hospital. Lying prostrate in a fluorescent room as personnel shifts changed was nightmarish. I wanted to be relaxed in a darkened room with trusted midwives.

But I wasn’t reckless. As a first birth, I wanted medical support close by in case there were complications. A London birth centre close to a major hospital was the perfect solution and I enjoyed one-on-one midwifery throughout my pregnancy … I delivered Croyde at 9am and was home in bed by 7pm (nether regions intact thanks to the midwives).

But as my 12 antenatal friends had their babies, I realised how shockingly rare my experience was. Almost 50 per cent of them had caesarean sections … At least one of the women was left so psychologically traumatised that her daughter will never get a sibling.

And their stories are fairly typical …

When I became pregnant in June 2008 I was even more determined to ”own” my experience with a home birth … one month earlier, my sister-in-law’s baby had died after suffering cord asphyxia in the latter stages of a seemingly normal labour. It was traumatic for the whole family. For my husband … it was reason enough to have our next baby in hospital.

I wouldn’t be swayed, but I did want his support …

I explained how infant mortality rates have improved due to greater abortions for abnormalities, rather than the hospitalisation of birth; that maternity units are more likely to make hasty interventions; that the stress of hospitals reduces the body’s ability to deal with pain …

He argued that only two per cent of British babies are home born. I told him that was because the needs of large maternity units are being met, rather than those of women.

Seven days before our birth, my waters started leaking inexplicably. Had I been under hospital care, an induction would most likely have been advised – only to find that my membranes were intact. My midwife … monitored me daily. She arranged a precautionary scan and administered homoeopathy and aromatherapy to get things moving … The relationship with [our midwife] meant there was no awkwardness or embarrassment.

The birthing pool was heavenly …

Croyde dressed his sister an hour after she was born. It was Mother’s Day. My mother made Sunday lunch and my father watched the football. James went for a run. When Manchester United were 3-0 down my father turned off the television. “It had been a good day until then,” he said.

This, I thought, is how birth should be – normal, surrounded by family and strangely uneventful. Every couple should have the chance to give birth at home; to feel safe, unhurried and in control. James and I would do it all again tomorrow …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

The AMA says we are “shooting the messenger” re homebirth critique

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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Further to the posts below on the homebirth study, the AMA has sought right of reply.

Dr Andrew Pesce … is the president of the AMA (which opposes homebirth), an obestetrician and gynaecologist, one of the reviewers of the new study, and also the author of the MJA editorial on the study.

He writes:

Home birthing is a controversial issue in Australia and this week’s debate around the South Australian study is proof of this.

As would be expected, both sides of the debate put their cases strongly and passionately. Unfortunately the passion sometimes gets in the way of the facts and the evidence …

My editorial was primarily about the politics of home birth. Most neutral commentators have commended me on the balance of the editorial.

As AMA President, I transparently declared a potential conflict of interest based on the policy of the AMA. I presume the College of Midwives, which strongly advocates for home birth and the role of private midwives, has similarly declared its potential conflict of interest …

… The seven-fold increased risk is a statistical prediction of the most likely risk according to the data …

The overall rate of perinatal deaths was not different, but only if you ignore the fact that a larger number of women planning to give birth in hospital have risk factors and complicated pregnancies.

When adjusted for prematurity and low birth weight, the overall perinatal mortality rate for all pregnancies planning a home birth was double that of planned hospital birth …

Remeber that the study is on *planned* home birth and *planned* hospital birth, regardless of where the birth actually took place.

The study identified the same contributing factors that were found in a previous larger Australian review … poor adherence to risk assessment, lack of monitoring of foetal wellbeing and delayed response to emerging complications in home births …

If a justification is needed for the AMA highlighting the concerning results of this study, it is that home birth advocates continue to deny the higher risks of current home birth practice, and the need for adequate risk assessment and management.

… my editorial did mention the lower intervention rates, the similar rate of post partum haemorrhage and other favourable outcomes of home births found in the study.

… The AMA … supports women having choice about where they have their babies. The AMA media release stresses the need for evidence and safety …

• Dr Andrew Pesce is President of the AMA and a practising obstetrician and gynaecologist at Westmead Hospital in Sydney

Meanwhile, Croakey has just caught up with the 22 Jan issue of Australian Doctor … including details of a study of the first 100 births through the St George Hospital Homebirth Program in NSW, published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics.

The story says the study has reported “reassuring outcomes” and that “a growing number of obstetricians are calling for more support for safe homebirth models despite the AMA’s resolute opposition to the practice”.

Professor Michael Chapman, who has been involved in the St George program, is quoted saying that homebirths involving experienced midwives following strict hospital transfer protocols were appropriate for a small group of low-risk women who preferred to give birth at home.

He said: “Homebirth conducted in a random disorganised manner with independent midwives and patients who are pushing the boundaries of safety have given it a bad name. But in a controlled environment, I do believe the risks are minimal.”

Update: The AMA has been in touch to advise that Dr Pesce was a reviewer on this paper as well.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

More critique of the homebirth study and its reporting by the media

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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Associate Professor Hannah Dahlen, Vice President of the Australian College of Midwives, and an academic at the University of Western Sydney, and Professor Caroline Homer, Professor of Midwifery at the University of Technology Sydney, … had a critical look at the study and the way its findings are being portrayed.

They write:

…One of the problems is that the planned home birth group includes women who planned homebirth when booking in for care but then developed risk factors and had their babies in hospital. There are probably only two women whose babies died; who started labour at home planning a homebirth and one of these was a twin pregnancy (high risk). This latter woman persisted in having a homebirth due to ‘unsatisfactory hospital experiences.’ The others had all transferred before the onset of labour. The authors admit they ‘could not differentiate all planned homebirths according to whether transfer to hospital had occurred before or during labour.’ So for low risk women who started labour at home the risk was very low – 1 death in 16 years

There is no way to tell if these planned homebirths were under the care of a registered midwife.

This was not a low risk population of women – there was a high rate of post-term pregnancy … twins … and … previous caesarean section.

… There were two perinatal deaths that actually occurred at home. One baby had lethal congenital abnormalities (this was known before labour and a decision made for the baby to be born at home). The second death at home was after a waterbirth which was not found to be the cause of death but a review identified that increased monitoring may have identified the baby was in distress.

One perinatal death occurred in hospital after a transfer after the birth of the first twin. The first twin was born at home and second twin was born in hospital after a delay in transfer and subsequently died.

There were 6 perinatal deaths in the planned homebirth group where the baby was born in hospital. Presumably these women were transferred to hospital during the antenatal period as antenatal risk factors developed. Transferring to hospital if or when risk factors develop during pregnancy is appropriate practice.

Of the six deaths in hospital: one had hydrops fetalis … one death was unexplained with a cord entanglement seen after birth; one had pulmonary hypoplasia … after a early rupture of membranes; one was a growth restricted baby with an abnormal karotype … one was born to a woman who was very overdue … and underwent induction in hospital without fetal monitoring (the woman refused) and her labour eventuated in a stillbirth; and, one was a woman with known haematological … risk factors whose baby had a lethal abnormality … all these were born in hospital.

Only three of the deaths are thought to be related to perinatal asphyxia.

Three of the deaths were thought to be potentially preventable and related to the model of care. These were the baby born after the waterbirth at home; the second twin who was born after an intrapartum transfer and the baby born after being very postdates. Therefore, there were 3 deaths in 16 years – two of which had risk factors present. That means that there was only one death where there were no risk factors in the 16 year period.

… You would need more than 10,000 births at home to show clinical relevance and have some confidence in the statistical significance in relation to perinatal mortality rates. The authors acknowledge this in the paper and present their data with caution in the paper stating that the ‘small numbers with large confidence intervals limit the interpretation of these data.’

The facts are there was no difference in perinatal mortality … For those actually born at home the perinatal mortality rate is 2.5 per 1000 births, which is comparatively low.

… The paper highlights that the system must be so terrible for some women that they would choose to give birth outside of it than in it, even with risk factors. This is an indictment on the current maternity system in Australia – that needs fixing – removing homebirth won’t do this.

What was missed?

The conclusion of the paper is very sensible recommending risk assessment, transfer and fetal monitoring.

So then why did the data get so grossly misinterpreted?

The reality is despite a malfunctioning system in this country where midwives are uninsured and have no visiting rights, and homebirth is unfunded and often hard to access, the perinatal mortality rate was no different.

Risk assessment, transfer and fetal monitoring will be improved when private midwives are no longer excluded from mainstream services so we should be aiming for this not continuing the ‘witch hunt’ against private midwives.

… Some women will always choose homebirth so we should support this choice with safe responsive systems of care. The authors state that ‘women’s autonomy in choosing reproductive behaviour is a fundamental human right enshrined in Australian law’.

The excess mortality continues to be found in high-risk women and women need to be informed of this risk.

Freebirth (giving at home birth without a skilled and registered birth attendant) is rising in this country and this is a concerning outcome of restrictions on options like homebirth and trauma from hospital births …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Don’t believe the home-birth horror headlines

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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If you’ve been half awake in recent days, you might have heard of a new study showing that “babies are seven times more likely to die during home births”.

It’s worth having a close look at what the study actually found … and also considering some of the broader context that has been sadly lacking from most of the coverage I’ve seen and heard.

… The researchers compared the outcomes for 287,192 planned hospital births that took place in SA between 1991 and 2006 with those of 1141 planned home births. Note that this latter group was defined as any birth intended to occur at home at the time of antenatal booking, but about 30% actually ended up occurring in hospital …

During those 16 years, there were nine perinatal deaths in the planned home birth group (seven of which actually occurred in babies born in hospital) … two deaths occurred among the 792 infants born at home, one of whom had congenital abnormalities.

… the rates of caesarean sections and other interventions were significantly lower in the home-birth group. Nine per cent of women who’d planned a home birth ended up having a caesarean …

The home-birth babies were more likely to die during labour and delivery …

… home-birth babies were 27 times more likely to die from lack of oxygen during delivery. Again, this finding had wide confidence intervals, with the estimate ranging from eight to 89 times greater — clearly, another one to take with caution.

… The researchers note that … “there were only three perinatal deaths for which one can reasonably assume that a different choice of care provider, location of birth or timing of transfer to hospital might have made a difference to the outcome.”

It is also worth noting that one of these three deaths occurred in a twin. The reason the parents persisted in a home birth despite being advised against it was that they “had had unsatisfactory hospital experiences during previous pregnancies”.

… it seems more pertinent than ever to borrow the final words of the study’s authors:

Although it is not anticipated that large numbers of women will opt for home birth, women’s autonomy in choosing reproductive behaviour is a fundamental human right enshrined in Australian law.

Respecting their choices and achieving the best outcome for all concerned is likely to remain a challenge that will require more light and less heat than it has received thus far …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Australian obstetricians say new study showing home birth risks a warning to mothers-to-be and midwives

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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Australia’s peak group of specialist obstetricians and gynaecologists today urged midwives and pregnant women to heed the findings of a new Australian study that shows planned home births have a sevenfold higher risk of a baby dying during delivery and a 27-fold higher risk of a baby dying from asphyxia (lack of oxygen) than planned hospital births.

… The findings also support the Federal Government’s decision not to provide indemnity insurance and Medicare funding to midwives attending home births.

“A strong collaborative model of patient care with specialist doctors and midwives working together will ensure the safest outcome for Australian mothers and babies … ” …

“One baby dying in labour is too many and this study confirms just how great the risk of having a birth outside a clinical setting can be …

Actually, the study shows how safe low-risk, midwife-attended home birth is. It also shows that high-risk home birth is inadvisable. It is not about being in hospital or at home; indeed home is safer in terms of fewer interventions and lower mortality and morbidity rates. It is about appopriate risk assessment and management, and having midwives who are networked into the hospital so that they can transfer in during the pregnancy or labour and still continue care of their client.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Home births multiply death risk by seven

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BABIES are seven times more likely to die during home births.

That is the finding of a study conducted by Marc Keirse of Flinders University … who examined data on almost 300,000 births in South Australia between 1991 and 2006.

Babies born at home were also 27 times more likely to suffer asphyxiation during labour …

… The AMA is backing the federal government’s proposed overhaul of home birthing laws, which will require all midwives to be insured and join a national register.

… a… Senate committee recognised the legislation could drive home births underground.

… Professor Keirse said the home births regime needed a stronger safety net.

“Prohibition doesn’t work. It would just make it less safe than it already is” Professor Keirse said.

“But what we should do is have a larger safety net to make sure people are doing it properly.”

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Homebirth ban may create risk

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AN ONLINE poll has found huge opposition to draft Federal Government laws which would effectively ban homebirths and could lead to women choosing to freebirth.

The parenting social networking site BellyBelly.com.au found 94 per cent of the 400 respondents opposed the amended legislation …

… 30 per cent of respondents said they would consider freebirthing – giving birth without medical assistance – if not allowed to choose their own midwife.

Under the Federal Government’s draft health practitioner regulation law, independent midwives could be deregistered unless they have private indemnity insurance.

So far, the government has failed to include homebirths in the indemnity scheme while insurance companies refuse to insure private midwives.

Proposed changes … would also see midwives forced to work alongside obstetricians.

… “Women are very angry, passionate and strong-willed on this topic and feel that their rights as a woman are being threatened,” she said. “Many members commented that they are appalled that the government thinks it has the right to choose where and how they birth their babies.”

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Home birth advocate slams health service check-up

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A … home birth advocate says she cannot excuse the … Area Health Service for calling in police to check on a pregnant woman.

Rochelle Allan, who wanted a home birth and did not want to be induced, was nearly 14 days overdue when she missed an obstetrics appointment.

… the police were sent to Ms Allan’s home on Friday to conduct a “welfare check” because the midwives could not reach her by telephone.

… the actions of the hospital staff will not be investigated because they had the best intentions and were concerned for Ms Allan.

… a woman should be able to make her own birth choices without someone looking over her shoulder.

“The hospital, they’re service providers, they’re not a regulatory body for pregnant women,” …

“These checks … they’re not mandatory, so it’s entirely up to that woman if she chooses to attend those hospital checks or not.”

… Ms Allan had the baby at home … with a private midwife.

Interesting situation. The hospital owes a duty of care to its patients. If it had failed to conduct a “welfare check” and the woman’s baby had died, the news report would read that the hospital was grossly negligent and how could they allow this to happen? It’s been my experience that these situations can be managed very well by the midwife and woman being upfront with the hospital about the intentions of the woman. When this happens, the hospital is satisfied that the woman is receiving care and sees no reason to send the police around. Some people have questioned the use of police services for this purpose however the hospital staff are generally not permitted to attend patient’s homes in these circumstances.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Mother loses baby after being given ‘abortion’ drug to induce labour

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The death of Sofia Figus three days after she was born was caused by a lack of oxygen … Her mother Anne … was 12 days overdue when she was prescribed Misoprostol – a drug widely used in abortion clinics – to bring on contractions.

Mrs Willicombe and her husband … are now suing the … Hospital … for failing to monitor the baby …

Misoprostol is only licensed … for the treatment of stomach ulcers. Under official guidelines … it should not be used to induce labour unless as part of a clinical trial.

… the drug … is cheaper than other methods to induce birth …

Belinda Phipps, chief executive of the National Childbirth Trust, said she was “absolutely incredulous” that any hospital would give the drug to women …

She said: “This drug is not licensed for use in labour, and the NICE guidance is categorical on that point. In this country, misoprostol should only be used in labour if the baby is already dead, or after the birth, because otherwise the risks are simply too great.”

Mrs Willicombe was not informed the drug was only recommended for use in clinical trials – and nor was she told that she was taking part in any trial.

“I just remember them being very reassuring and saying this drug is fine,” …

… Mrs Willicombe … was not properly monitored and was treated in a room unsuitable for what should have then been classified a high-risk birth.

Within 10 minutes of being given the drug … her waters broke – almost certainly naturally because it was too soon for the Misoprostol to take effect. About four hours later, she was given a second dose leading to contractions which then became more frequent …

… The mother-to-be was moved from the maternity ward to the delivery suite but then placed in a room … without proper monitoring equipment … The midwife then ordered Mr Figus to hit the alarm button. A team of doctors raced in to deliver the baby, the first time Ms Willicombe realised her dream of a first child was turning into her worst nightmare.

“She just came out blue and lifeless,” recalled Ms Willicombe, “She was completely floppy. They held her up very briefly for us to see her and then took her away to resuscitate her … she … suffered severe brain damage due to a lack of oxygen … we agreed to take her off the ventilator. Three days later she died.”

… a coroner in east London concluded Sofia had died of natural causes as a result of neglect.

Their lawyer … said: “It appears clear that Mrs Willicombe received substandard monitoring during her labour with Sofia. This substandard monitoring also needs to be put in to the context of the use of an unlicensed drug which is known to have the side effect of uterine hyperstimulation. It appears that Sofia’s death could have been avoided, had the monitoring been appropriate.”

… ” … it was not the drug which led to complications for her mother, but rather the failure of a midwife to provide proper supervision during labour … That midwife has … been dismissed …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Govt urged to tighten homebirth laws

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The federal government has been urged to push on with its plans to tighten homebirth laws, after a new study found the practice to be more risky than conventional hospital deliveries.

A comparison of South Australian births between 1991 and 2006 found … babies were seven times more likely to die from complications during a homebirth than a planned hospital delivery.

They were also 27 times more likely to suffer asphyxiation during labour …

The Australian Medical Association, which is opposed to homebirthing, says the study throws more weight behind the government’s planned overhaul of maternity care.

… The overhaul has outraged homebirth groups, which say the practice will be forced underground, a concern that was also highlighted in a recent Senate inquiry.

… the proposed laws won’t stop women from wanting to have a homebirth.

“… they will put women in quite a dramatically unsafe situation because they won’t be able to find a registered midwife to attend to them.”

She says doctors are also unlikely to support the practice because of their own insurance concerns.

Homebirth Australia secretary Justine Caines, who has had seven successful homebirths, agrees and says the planned changes are a major erosion of women’s rights.

“Birth is very personal and a decision each woman should have the right to make” …

“So the AMA’s responsibility should be to make the practice of homebirth as safe as possible whether they like it or not.”

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Inducing labor may lead to more C-sections

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Pregnant women tempted to induce labor for convenience rather than medical necessity may want to wait for nature to take its course.

… inducing labor introduces a risk of 1 to 2 cesareans per 25 inductions that might have been avoided by waiting for spontaneous labor to begin.

… C-sections are major surgeries, and carry risk of infection, bleeding, blood clots, and injury to other organs …

… all labor induced groups faced increased risk for C-section, except for those women delivering after 39 weeks.

… pregnant women and their doctors may be better off waiting for spontaneous labor. “Try to reserve interventions for situations where risk outweighs benefit,” said Glantz, such as in cases of diabetes, high blood pressure, problems with the placenta, a baby that is not growing well, or a woman being 10 days past her due date.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

27% of low-risk Ohio births done by C-section

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There also is a wide disparity in these numbers within state hospitals … The rates range from 6.6 percent to 60 percent.

Women who undergo C-sections face the normal risks of surgery — infection, blood loss and an extended recovery time. Babies have a greater chance of respiratory problems or injury from the incision …

Licking Memorial Hospital in Newark has one of the lowest rates in the state –16.8 percent.

Miami Valley Hospital in Dayton has the state’s lowest C-section rate among first-time, low-risk births … 6.6 percent.

… “Babies do better after vaginal delivery. There is a lower rate of admission to the neonatology critical care unit due to low rates of respiratory problems … they’re more likely to successfully breast-feed.”

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Obstetricians debate whether Caesarean section is always best for breech babies

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About 32 weeks into her first pregnancy, Christie Craigie-Carter’s obstetrician told her that the baby she was carrying was … breech … and that she’d have to give up her dream of a natural delivery and have a Caesarean section instead.

Desperate to avoid surgery, Craigie-Carter said she wanted to deliver the baby naturally anyway, but her doctor told her that such a procedure was simply too dangerous. “She said I wouldn’t find a obstetrician on the East Coast who would deliver a breech baby vaginally,” recalled Craigie-Carter.

When she asked her obstetrician to try to turn the baby into a head-down position … Craigie-Carter was told that such a maneuver might endanger the baby’s life …

Craigie-Carter went into labor just before her due date and her son Joshua was delivered — via C-section …

Her experience highlights a debate over whether breech babies should always be delivered by C-section or whether there are cases where a natural delivery is a safe option.

In the United States, such babies are routinely delivered by C-section, in large part because of an international study … that found breech babies faced greater risks when delivered naturally. But the issue has received fresh attention following the decision last June by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada to reverse past opposition to natural deliveries and suggest that “planned vaginal delivery is reasonable in selected women.”

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists remains firmly opposed to vaginal deliveries of breech babies … Yet some obstetricians believe that breech delivery is reasonable in certain cases and bemoan the loss of this skill among obstetricians trained today.

“When I started in residency [in the late 1970s] we did not do C-sections on breeches at all; it was normal to have a vaginal breech,” said Michael Hall, 59, an obstetrician- gynecologist in Colorado. He has done about 300 vaginal breech deliveries in his career and continues to do them for carefully selected pregnancies: when labor has been normal, the baby is not too big or in the footling position, and the width of the mother’s pelvis is adequate.

In a January 2006 article, Marek Glezerman, head of obstetrics and

gynecology … argued that the study’s recommendations should be withdrawn because most of the deaths or post-birth problems reported in the research “cannot be attributed to the mode of delivery.” Glezerman reported that the study included cases of planned vaginal deliveries of breech babies when “there was no attendance of a clinician with adequate experience.” …

The second article … found that “when strict criteria are met before
and during labor,” planned vaginal delivery of singleton fetuses in breech presentation at term remains a safe option that can be offered to women.”

Fischbein, a California obstetrician … has delivered about 200 breech babies vaginally but in August was told by his hospital to stop. “The bottom line is litigation mitigation and economics,” he said.

Regardless of expert guidelines, the reality is that few doctors who graduated in the last decade have the skills to deliver breech babies
naturally. Lawrence said American medical students are taught the theory behind vaginal breech deliveries and have access to computer simulation training, but exposure to real cases is limited to residents who happen to be on call when a mother presents with a breech baby in advanced labor and it is too late to perform a Caesarean.

Craigie-Carter, for one, would approve of that approach. After Joshua was born, she went on to have two more breech babies. The first was delivered by C-section. But for the second one, she found a skilled midwife near her New York home who was willing to help her deliver naturally. Her son Ryan was born without complications.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Home birth program that delivers

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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It took Bailey … only 75 minutes to slip calmly into the world, amid the comforts of his own loungeroom, unaware he was quietly making history.

Bailey … is one of a handful born at home under the guidance of midwives from St George Hospital, which runs the first publicly funded scheme of its kind in NSW …

”After having a hospital birth for my first child, [Bailey's birth] was very, very different and it was amazing to be told that everything was my choice, my decision,” his mother, Claire, 32, said yesterday. ”It was unbelievably calm and relaxed.”

Home birthing … is now regarded by most obstetricians as controversial and dangerous.

Last year the Federal Government refused to include home birth under its midwifery indemnity scheme, which forced many midwives underground and threatened to increase the number of women ”freebirthing”, or delivering at home without any medical supervision.

Private home birth services have not been forced underground!

… home birthing advocates are hoping a review of the program … could change the way birth is viewed …

This would be wonderful! The program opens the home brith option to a more mainstream population who might not otherwise have considered home birth.

A study of the first 100 women booked to use the service found 63 per cent successfully delivered at home with no intervention or pain relief and minimal vaginal tearing.

Thirty women were sent to hospital before going into labour and seven were transferred during labour …

”It shows that in a controlled environment where midwives are protected by the policies and protocols of a public hospital, home birthing is a safe option for women at low-risk,” the co-director of Women’s and Children’s Health at St George Hospital, Michael Chapman, said yesterday. ”… I’d hate for this study to be used to support programs where there are not over-arching checks and balances in place, but this shows it can be a safe process.”

The program, launched in 2005, was helping to improve home birth’s poor public image, but was still too restrictive for most women, and had abandoned some in the late stages of their pregnancies, the secretary of Homebirth Australia, Justine Caines, said. ”… this program excludes women without a strong evidence base,” she said.

”Women have a right to informed consent and there is an ethical responsibility for a health service not to abandon [them], instead to offer the best health care possible consistent with a woman’s choice.”

While the home brith service might be considered restrictive, this can also be considered to be providing a safe margin within which home birth services can commence and continue. Birth centres are also considered restrictive by some, but most women wo book into a birth centre will birth there safely.

I do not agree with the comments about the program “abandoning” women. To my knowledge, this has never happened. A public health service is obliged to provide a basic and safe level of care, and this is done. When a woman’s clinical situation suggests that birth centre or delivery suite care would better meet her needs, this is provided. This is not abandoning women.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Midwife to help set up African birthing centre

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A … midwife is heading to Africa to help women in a country where more die in childbirth than anywhere else in the world.

In two weeks Kate Cumming will swap the comfort of the Cumberland Infirmary for the Hostel of Hope, a new birthing centre in a suburb of Sierra Leone’s capital, Freetown.

Armed only with her expertise, some basic equipment and teaching materials, Kate will be one of two international midwifes helping to get the birthing centre up and running.

And the experienced midwife … knows that her experiences in the area of Freetown … will be very different to those back home in Cumbria.

“The centre is attached to a fistula clinic, which is a horrible birth injury that happens when women are not looked after properly in childbirth,” explained Kate …

“It’s only five years since the civil war finished there so it’s a country in recovery, and it has the highest maternity mortality rate in the world.”

… She said: “I’m most looking forward to helping to make a difference and improving other women’s lives.

… “They’ve got a lot of extra problems there like malaria and AIDS, and the women are starting off at a much lower level of health …”

The birth centre is due to open a couple of weeks after Kate arrives in Africa and, along with an Australian midwife, she will spend her time training 10 African midwives and helping out in the delivery suites …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Our precious son Cole lived for just 15 hours

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‘COLE never took his first breath. He opened his eyes, but he never cried – that’s the hardest thing, not knowing what he sounded like.”

Sitting on her sofa, tightly holding her husband Rob’s hand, Gemma Asling-Carthy is talking about her baby son Cole, who died in October, just 15 hours old, after contracting an infection during birth.

The grief-stricken couple couldn’t even hold their son until his life support machine had been turned off. With a treasured picture of Cole taking pride of place on the table beside them, Gemma and Rob have found the strength to talk about their precious son to raise awareness of the Group B Streptococcus infection (known as GBS and Strep B) …

Strep B is the most common cause of life threatening infections in newborn babies … Around one third of adults will carry the infection without any problems but it can cause infection in newborn babies before, during or shortly after birth: Cole contracted the infection from Gemma’s birth canal during labour.

… “… it had been the perfect pregnancy,” says Gemma, 26. “I’d wanted a home birth from when I had Hayden – this time I’d planned it …”

… When the midwife arrived at the couple’s home … for the planned home birth, Gemma wasn’t aware of anything being wrong, and with her contractions just two minutes apart, the arrival of her third son wasn’t far away.

… Gemma had a high temperature but felt very cold and couldn’t stop shivering.

“Apparently feeling cold is the only indicator of the infection,” she says. “With Strep B there are no symptoms until you go into labour and your temperature goes up.”

As well as Gemma’s high temperature, Cole’s heart rate was dangerously high so, after explaining the situation by phone to the second midwife who was on her way to the house, an ambulance was called to take Gemma to … Hospital.

… “When I managed to sit up to get into the ambulance, my waters broke.”

Cole was born in the ambulance on the way to hospital … After arriving [the] … special care baby unit, Cole was put on a life support machine. “Even at the hospital they didn’t know it was Strep B straight away,” says Gemma.

“They’d never had it there before,” adds Rob, 29. “They said it was asphyxia to begin with …”

… Gemma says: “He had septicaemia, hyproxic brain injury, which is starvation of blood and oxygen to the brain, and his kidneys and liver were collapsing.

… As Cole’s organs collapsed one by one, Gemma and Rob were faced with the devastating decision of when to turn off their newborn baby’s life support machine.

“They said we could leave him on it for 24-48 hours and see how he does, but his organs were failing,” says Gemma … “… We didn’t want him to suffer anymore.”

… “He was alive for an hour and 20 minutes after he was taken off the machine,” explains Gemma. “The only organ that wasn’t damaged by the Strep B was his heart.”

After leaving hospital, Gemma and Rob had to explain to Hayden and Preston that their little brother had died …

The family had to wait four weeks for the post mortem to reveal that Cole had died from Strep B before they could hold his funeral.

… Gemma and Rob are desperate to warn women of the danger of Strep B during pregnancy, and want pregnant women to ask their midwife to be tested for the infection.

… “We just want women to be aware,” says Gemma, smiling. “I’ve got a seven-year-old and a three-year-old and I’d never heard of it before.

“You can be tested for it at between 35 and 37 weeks in your pregnancy … The test is just a swab, it’s not invasive, it’s not a blood test, there are no needles …”

… “if I do fall pregnant again I would be tested at the beginning of the pregnancy and at the end, and my labour would have to be in hospital. I’d have antibiotics during the labour even if I didn’t have it.

“The antibiotics hopefully stop the baby catching the infection as he or she passes through the birth canal.”

■ For Group B Streptococcus information and support, visit www.gbss.org.uk.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Changes to obstetric safety net are fair, despite foul cries

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The National Association of Specialist Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recently issued this media release warning that expectant mothers are facing an “expensive surprise” thanks to Federal Budget cuts to the obstetric safety net which took effect on January 1. The Association is worried, it says, that “women and their families are not fully aware” of the cutbacks.

Sally Tracy, Professor of Midwifery at the University of Sydney, thought a little historical context might give readers a deeper understanding of the issues involved, and reassure women that the reform is aimed at creating a fairer system. She writes:

“The Medicare Safety Net was aimed at protecting all Australians from high out-of-pocket costs for medical services provided outside hospital.

In March 2004 the Howard Government changed the Medicare Safety Net to allow for an unlimited, non means tested increase in the supplement payable for Medicare benefits for these charges over and above a threshold set by the government each year.

The inherent risks in introducing an unlimited benefit were soon realised when it was discovered that the safety net was not necessarily benefiting those with a low to middle income or who were sickest in the community, despite the existence of a lower threshold making it easier for them to qualify.

The people who really benefited were the providers themselves. It was found that some doctors were cleverly taking advantage of the safety net to increase their fees with the knowledge that the majority of the cost would be refunded by the government. In 2008 this cost Medicare (and the taxpayer) the sum of $211.3 million.

In fact in the five years since the introduction of the new safety net, fees charged by private obstetricians for in-hospital services reduced by six per cent, whilst the fees charged for out of hospital expenses such as the ‘antenatal care package’ increased by 267 per cent.

So from the 1st of January 2010 the Rudd Government determined there would no longer be an unlimited safety net to supplement out of pocket expenses, instead there would be a cap on the level of the safety net benefit for each selected Medicare item.

Naturally those private obstetricians who had previously benefited from such a lucrative bonus were bound to cry foul.

Keep in mind that during the Howard era, the Safety Net rort combined with the Commonwealth government’s 2-billion dollar a year uncapped 30% private health insurance rebate wrought havoc with public health system funding.

And as always, women and families most in need were the losers.

The claim that Australian families who are attended by a specialist obstetrician during pregnancy will be nearly $1000 worse off is simply not true.

Those who will be ‘worse off’ from the beginning of 2010 are those who for the past five years have been reaping a rich harvest from the health system.

… Yes, women will get a shock when they realize that the antenatal fees they are being charged are no longer fully refundable through the Medicare Safety Net.

Sensible women will deduce that the thousands of dollars they were charged with the promise of being reimbursed through the Medicare safety net had nothing to do with the quality of care they were buying and everything to do with profiting from the system.

As Minister Roxon said … “Unless we make these changes now, this expenditure will continue to grow rapidly. This bill creates a mechanism by which the government can responsibly manage expenditure on the safety net”.

Despite the hand wringing of private obstetric specialists, Australian women should take heart.

Nicola Roxon’s proposed government investment of $120.5 million over four years though a maternity services reform package will provide a much greater choice for women in their maternity services …”

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Never again in a public hospital

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The Age special report on maternity care drew a range of responses …

I GAVE birth to my first child last year in the … maternity ward as a public patient.

Nothing could have prepared me for my horrible birth experience – ”herding yards” does not go nearly far enough in describing the way the hospital treats new mothers and babies. The need to minimise expenditure combined with an almost zealous obsession with promoting breastfeeding created an experience so stressful that, for me, resulted in what I call post-traumatic birth disorder – a fear of ever having another child in a public hospital.

My baby was born with fairly high levels of jaundice, which results in a very sleepy baby who is unable to feed well. Bar going under the UV lights, the only means of reducing the jaundice levels is to ”flush” it out with fluid.

Now that would be fine except for the fact that mothers do not produce milk for at least two days after a natural birth and up to five days after a caesarean. Not once was I offered formula to try to provide extra fluid for my baby. Instead, I was told to breastfeed and express extra fluid in between feeds.

So, in pain after major surgery, with a baby too weak to feed well and not producing milk, I was left struggling for hours to try to provide enough fluid to help my baby.

On day four I was about to be discharged when the attending doctor told me my baby had developed ”nappy rash” and might need antibiotics. At first the doctor said it would need a cream and I would still go home that day. A few minutes later another doctor said it was a ”severe” rash and my baby might need oral antibiotics.

Then the head of pediatrics came to look at the rash. The attending [midwife] said they thought it was a hospital-borne staph infection, which was later confirmed. At this point I was about to have a breakdown from being exhausted, stressed and furious that no one had mentioned the staph to me.

Following this diagnosis, I was discharged from maternity and my four-day-old baby was admitted as a pediatrics patient to be given IV antibiotics. The pediatrics ward is for children only so despite just having the caesarean and still being on painkillers, I was not considered a patient. I had to sleep on a fold-out couch to continue three-hourly breastfeeds but was given no food or additional pain relief …

No perfect system

WHEN my wife fell pregnant, our GP referred her to an obstetrician without discussing any options, such as the public system, birthing centres, home birth etc. This referral sent us down the path of the private health industry. We were keen on more natural options for childbirth, but it became increasingly apparent that our obstetrician was not interested in these options. Through our own research we found out about birthing centres, and decided that this was the go for us.

… our daughter was breech. Through the birthing centre we were told of an obstetrician who manually turned babies in utero. We consulted him, and our daughter was turned. I am sure that had we stayed in the private system with our original obstetrician, we would not have been made aware of this option, and my wife would have had to endure a caesarean. This is one example of the ”over-medicalisation” of childbirth by the private health care industry.

However, the birthing centre was far from perfect. My wife gave birth at 7.10pm on a Saturday. At 9.30 the next morning we were pressured to leave. We refused, and spent our full allotment of two days in the centre. A couple of days after we left, we received one follow-up visit from a midwife. She noted that our daughter was jaundiced, and advised that we put her in the sun for 10 minutes.

Later that day I took my wife to hospital because she was experiencing pain after the birth. While we were there, a [midwife] noted that our daughter was jaundiced, and requested a blood test. The result was that she was rushed to the neonatal intensive care unit in a serious condition. An hour later the head of the unit informed us our daughter was suffering from a level of jaundice so severe that they saw it only once or twice a year, and that as a result, she could be brain-damaged and suffer hearing loss, among other issues. If I hadn’t insisted on taking my wife to hospital for her pain, I dread to think what might have been …

Happy on home front

I HAD a satisfying birth at home with the help of two lovely independent midwives. The continuity of care from our midwives has been exemplary.

When I read accounts of less-than-adequate hospital-based maternity care, I can only say that home birth is worth every cent we paid.

Improving the maternity system is simple: the Government needs to stop attempting to put independent midwives out of business.

Support midwives

MY HUSBAND and I saved our stimulus packages to pay a private home-birth midwife for the birth of our second child, due any day now. The continuity of care, with antenatal appointments in our own home, is wonderful. I feel much more comfortable ringing my own midwife with questions than I did when I was seeing a different midwife every time at the … Birth Centre …

It’s not all gloom

WHILE there is room for improvement in any hospital system, the headlines in your report unnecessarily spelt doom and gloom.

In the past 10 years I have had three babies at the public … [hospitals] Each time I have been impressed with the service and care provided …

My first baby could not attach to the breast, and … we were allowed to stay in hospital until day five after the birth. Every time I needed to feed her I buzzed for the midwife to help me, and never had to wait more than a few minutes.

With my second and third babies we went home on day two, but we were ready … Postnatally, a midwife from the hospital visited me each day for two days after the birth. The midwives were caring, knowledgeable and helpful.

Motherhood’s trauma

I GAVE birth to both my sons as a public patient … There is almost no difference between the private and public patient experience, so having private health cover was of no benefit. My doctor was away both times but the on-call obs I had both times gave good care. Of course, they’re only there for the end bit and it’s the midwives who do all the work anyway.

… my key criticism is that they sometimes forget the strangeness of becoming a mother for the first time. We are not used to being mostly naked in a room full of other people … We are flooded with hormones that leave us lost and confused. We think motherhood will be a tender and graceful time, when in fact it can often be a time, particularly the first time, when you feel frighteningly laid bare. I would have appreciated someone to facilitate a more caring and dignified transition into my new role.

A cry for help

A LARGE public hospital means a huge variation in staff on different shifts, which leads to inconsistent care and the danger of ”falling through the cracks”.

Hence, many women benefit from having their own private midwife with them throughout the experience.

Three days after the birth of my baby, I developed … postnatal depression … The [midwifery] staff … were seemingly inexperienced … I never had the same [midwife] more than once, which meant they were generally unaware of my worsening condition, which didn’t appear to be written in my medical notes. On the fifth day when I was to be discharged, I was stuck with terror at the thought of being home alone to cope with my newborn son …

At home, things got worse. Feeling like you’re in an evil, black hole and not wanting to look after your own baby is not a pleasant state to be in. I had enormous problems with breastfeeding, which added even more stress to my already unwell mind.

It was the visiting midwife from the hospital who was the catalyst in getting treatment for me. At first she offered me generic advice in a way that to me seemed somewhat ”hippie dippy”, so I had to persist in letting her know how bad I felt. Eventually she gave a card for the hospital’s crisis assessment team hotline. The team member I spoke to was exceptionally understanding and gave me some calming advice. The team followed up with regular phone calls to check I was OK before they were able to send out a diagnostic team, including a psychiatrist, a couple of days later. They were also responsible for my being admitted into a mother and baby unit in the hospital’s psychiatric ward soon after.

Intensive counselling, medication, individual monitoring and support finally got me back on my feet. I am now what I would consider a ”normal” happy mother.

Forgotten option

YOU seem to have left out the home birth option in your report. Provided the woman is healthy, well-informed and well-supported, there is no reason she cannot give birth at home, with the aid of a trusted midwife. My wife did so three times …

If necessary, a doctor can be called to render extra assistance, and in the rare case of complications, which usually become apparent slowly, the woman can be taken to a hospital.

If more women gave birth at home, this would relieve the pressure on hospital resources. It would also enable women to give birth calmly, in a familiar environment, with loved ones close at hand, and usually escape the effects of postnatal depression.

Rich feedback about our current hospital system. It will be interesting to follow the changes once private midwives are able to birth with their clients in hospital. We know that continuity of care is sought-after, as is explained in the above quotes. Private midwifery in hospitals will enable more women to access midwifery care on their own terms.

I was surprised that the stories of women who were told they could not get the type of birth they wanted – such as vaginal breech, vaginal twins, VBAC and so on – were not mentioned.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Rise in induced births worries doctors

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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ONE in three pregnant women in NSW has her labour induced – a rise of at least 15 per cent in the past 10 years – with almost half of inductions done without a medical reason.

The World Health Organisation recommendds that inductions may be necessary in up to 10-15% of women. Clearly, our induction rate is two to three times higher than it ought to be … or alternatively, 50% – 67% of the inductions that are currently performed are not strictly necessary.

Inducing labour, where women are given drugs such as oxytocin or prostaglandin to stimulate the cervix and start contractions, can increase the chances of a caesarean delivery or cause complications for both mother and baby.

Both drugs also make labour more painful because contractions are stronger and longer, leading women to require more analgesia and more time to recover after the birth.

In a study of more than 730,000 births between 1998 and 2007, researchers … were alarmed to find that half of those having inductions were pregnant with their first baby, a move which could change the way any subsequent births were handled if the induction resulted in a caesarean delivery.

… one-quarter of women given both oxytocin and prostaglandin had caesareans , compared with 19 per cent of those given prostaglandin alone and 15 per cent who had oxytocin.

The main reasons cited for induction were pregnancies of 41 weeks … hypertension and diabetes, but 45 per cent of women had no medical reason for being induced.

In the past decade the number of inductions carried out on women with hypertension or diabetes rose from 6 per cent to 22 per cent, a result which could be attributed to Australia’s the obesity epidemic, an increase in older mothers and better antenatal screening.

… inductions in private hospitals had increased from 18 per cent to 27 per cent.

… too many inductions were being performed on pre-term women in hospitals that lacked neonatal respiratory support facilities, despite most premature babies needing help with breathing …

… doctors in Queensland … predicted surgical births would soar in the next decade because one-third of women having their first babies were having [a caesarean] …

I believe that if the role of the midwife in primary materntiy care was widely supported, we would see a dramtic reversal of the induction and caesarean rates.

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Late pre-term babies not out of woods

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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When Tom Cavaliero arrived at the neonatal intensive care unit with his newborn a few weeks ago, he felt like he’d brought in Andre the Giant.

The other babies in the NICU … were a fraction of the size of Gunner, who weighed 7 pounds, 8 ounces.

Still, Gunner’s entry into the world was not easy. For a week, a maze of feeding tubes and oxygen lines weaved around him as he struggled to breathe.

… Gunner is an example of a bigger wave of babies born too soon.

In the United States, the rate of premature births rose by more than 20 percent from 1990 to 2006, with the largest increase in babies born when the mother was 34 to 36 weeks pregnant …

These babies, some 70 percent of the premature population, fare better than the 1- and 2-pound infants born earlier. But they often have more problems breathing, feeding and maintaining their body temperature than full-term babies.

They also have a greater risk of dying.

… over the past decade, doctors have increasingly induced labor early or conducted a cesarean before full term.

The percentage of induced late preterm births more than doubled between 1990 and 2006, from 7.5 to 17.3 percent … The percentage of late preterm births delivered by cesarean rose by 46 percent, from 23.5 to 34.3 percent.

There are many medical reasons for a baby to be delivered early: the mother’s blood pressure is too high, or the baby has stopped growing, or the sac of protective fluid around the baby has ruptured.

But health officials say there are plenty of non-legitimate reasons, too: a family wants a baby born before a father deploys, or when a relative is available to help out, or before the doctor goes on vacation.

Health care providers have even heard of families who want a baby born before the end of the year for a tax deduction. Sometimes the expectant mother is just tired of being pregnant.

A committee called OB Right … has been working … to bring down the rate of unnecessary early inductions.

In 2005, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital and Sentara Leigh Hospital began to require medical documentation from doctors who schedule an induction or cesarean before 39 weeks of pregnancy. Tests must show that the baby’s lungs are mature enough or that there is a medical reason for early induction …

“We have better outcomes, less respiratory and transitioning issues,” said Diana Behling, who manages OB Right. “The longer we can keep the baby inside the mother, the less risk for the baby.”

… Over time … families and health care providers have become more aware that the policy is about protecting a baby’s health.

Virginia Health Information … released a database … that … shows the cesarean rates of hospitals and doctors. Those statistics show that cesarean births statewide went from 22 percent of all births in 1996 to 35 percent in 2007 …

If that trend continues, by 2016 half the births in Virginia will be by cesarean. Federal health goals call for a rate of 15 percent.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists made guidelines more stringent … to clarify when babies should be delivered before 39 weeks …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Birth Defects the Top Worry of Moms-to-Be

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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Birth defects, preterm birth, breast-feeding and eating sushi are a few of the many concerns of pregnant women …

… the leading cause of worry was birth defects … followed by concern that stress in their life might harm their baby’s health … and wondering whether their baby would be born too soon …

About 70 percent said they thought about the pain of childbirth, 55 percent said they worried they wouldn’t get to the hospital on time, 60 percent were concerned they wouldn’t be able to breast-feed successfully, 59 percent wondered about their ability to lose weight after delivery and 59 percent also worried about getting pregnant in the first place …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Feedback on our maternity system

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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… 20% of … mothers … said they had witnessed occasions when a lack of resources put a mother at risk; 14 per cent said they had seen shortages put a baby at risk.

63% of … mothers … agreed that public maternity units resembled ”herding yards” when asked if it was an appropriate description.

Of … women who gave birth in the public system … more than a third said leaving hospital too soon was a problem, 47 per cent felt their postnatal care was inadequate, and 48 per cent experienced a lack of breastfeeding support.

Of [the] … women who gave birth in the private system … 17 per cent said they were discharged too early, 39 per cent felt their postnatal care was lacking, and 45 per cent said they did not receive adequate breastfeeding support.

Of the … mothers who gave birth in both the public and private systems, 43 per cent thought the private system was better; 30 per cent thought the public system was better.

… providing midwives with more independence to prescribe drugs would improve the system.

62% … said Australia’s 30 per cent caesarean rate was too high. A quarter thought it was mainly done for professional liability reasons and a fifth believed it was done at a mother’s request.

47% … said there was a shortage of midwives …

WHAT MOTHERS SAY
”There should be more continuity of care. Knowing your carer and trusting your carer removes the fear from childbirth and fear leads to more interventions.”

… ”There is a severe shortage of birth centre places available and in many areas it is not even an option.”

”There are so many time limits imposed on women which completely disregard the natural progression of labour in women’s bodies. Doctors are too quick to intervene, too impatient to wait and allow the body to do its job.”

… ”Women are not being given enough time to labour naturally.”

“I was not supported well enough to have a vaginal birth. I felt like they were more concerned with getting me in and out quickly so they could free up beds.”

… ”There are too many obstetricians performing unnecessary caesarean sections and other interventions due to fear of litigation.”

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Campaign to promote natural births

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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The NHS … has launched a campaign to promote normal births, to try and decrease the number of medical interventions.

Promoting normal births has been highlighted … to improve patient care …

… the proportion of births by Caesarean Section has been increasing … In 1989/1990 around 12% of all births were done by CS, whilst by 2005/6 that rate has doubled to 24%.

Boon Lim is the Chair of the Maternity and Newborn Programme Board of NHS East of England. He told Heart some of the benefits which come with a natural birth: “Be able to get home earlier, and be able to care for the babies in a better position rather than having to contend with having an operation to deliver their babies.”

“Every woman in the east of England is entitled to receive the highest quality care and support to give her the best chance of a straightforward pregnancy, a positive birth experience and a happy and healthy baby. We are committed to promote normality of birth and guarantee women a choice of where to give birth, based on an assessment of safety for mother and baby.” …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Doctor tells of babies deaths delivered by Ventouse vacuum

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A SENIOR obstetrician held back tears while recalling the deaths of two newborns she delivered using a Ventouse “vacuum” machine.

[The doctor], who has delivered more than 2000 babies, yesterday told the Coroner’s Court she had since changed her delivery methods and now “prefers to use forceps” when a baby shows signs of distress.

The court yesterday heard the babies died of multi-organ failure following a “massive” subgaleal haemorrhage, which may have been caused by the Ventouse machine …

[The doctor] said she used the procedure when she needed to get the baby out quickly”…

Subgaleal haemorrhages are more likely to occur when the Ventouse is used, but it is rare for them to be fatal.

Two midwives … told the court the vacuum setting of the machine was correct at all times during the deliveries …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

Simple test ‘can spot premature birth false alarms’

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A simple test can help reliably determine whether signs of an imminent premature delivery are likely to result in a false alarm …

Less than half of women showing these signs actually go on to give birth …

UK researchers found a test that looks for a protein called fetal fibronectin (fFN) could solve the problem.

… Women with a negative test can be reassured that they do not need inpatient care …

… when fFN is found to be leaking at a certain stage of pregnancy, a premature birth is more likely.

A test to detect fFN levels is relatively cheap and easy to perform – but it is not commonly used in all maternity units.

… If the results show low levels of fFN, then the chance of a women having a premature delivery imminently is low.

… It proved to be 98.6% accurate in identifying women who, despite showing signs of premature delivery, did not go into labour for at least another two weeks …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

One in Three Women Infertile After Caesarean

Interested in home birth, hospital birth or private midwifery care? Questions or comments? Email Melissa Maimann or call 0400 418 448.

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A study … has found that almost half of all women who have a caesarean section … for their first child, don’t have any more children. Of these, one in five have chosen not to have more children because they are too traumatized by the surgery and one in three are physically unable to because of caesarean-caused infertility problems.

The rate of post-traumatic stress disorder was six times higher than in first time mothers who had given birth vaginally …

Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448