Homebirth: What to expect

Homebirth care is always individualised to the needs of the woman and family.  The following information can help you to understand what may happen in labour, to give you a sense of your options and lessen any surprises. When you birth at home, you can expect to:

- Wear whatever you like in labour
- Have vaginal examinations when / if you want them. Your midwife may suggest an examination if she feels it is needed, which is not very often as we know that babies are born whether vaginal examinations are performed or not and many women prefer to avoid them wherever possible.
- To have your temperature, blood pressure and pulse taken when it is necessary to do so – sometimes this is not done at all
- Have your baby’s heart beat listened to with a hand-held doppler that allows you to remain in the bath or shower.
- If additional fluids are needed, you can expect your midwife to offer you lots of drinks – this will also help to keep up your energy levels. In fact, your midwife will probably offer food and fluids regularly throughout your labour anyway.
- We don’t use ID bands at home. Not for Mum, not for baby. No chance of anyone getting lost, everyone knows who’s who, and no mother is handed the wrong baby!
- Your waters are very unlikely to be broken at home.
- You can expect to give birth in the position that’s most comfortable to you at the time. For many women, this is kneeling (so you can catch your own baby) or all fours (and your partner can catch the baby).
- Waterbirth is a common birth method at home.
- While “pain relief” is not offered, your midwife will make suggestions to assist your level of comfort such as position changes, hot packs, bath, shower, massage and so on.
- You will find that your body will push instinctively when the time’s right.
- Many women will not tear and episiotomy is very rare at home.
- Placentas usually come of their own accord, in their own time provided that the blood loss is not excessive.
- Your baby’s cord will be cut after the placenta is born, and some women prefer to leave it intact and have a lotus birth.
- There is no separation of mother and baby.

Learn more about private midwifery care, antenatal shared care and antenatal classes

Why Choose A Midwife?

There are many reasons why it is important for every pregnant woman to choose a midwife. However, most of us are not fully aware about the wide range of benefits that having a midwife can offer throughout our pregnancy. In this article, we will share with you some useful tips on how to choose the best midwife who will not only help ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy but one who will also keep you at peace.

First of all, it is very important to be able to define and differentiate a midwife from an obstetrician … A midwife is a health professional who provides holistic care to pregnant women and to their newborns. A midwife not only focuses on the natural processes of pregnancy and birth: she may also combine natural practices with modern medical techniques to help ensure a safer, normal birth. Midwives work with obstetricians and other health care providers to make sure that both the mother and the newborn receive the best care.

Midwives believe that birth should be natural, safe and normal. Giving birth is a very natural event in a woman’s life. It is based on the belief that birth delivery is a healthy process and that most women are highly capable of engaging in one. They see pregnancy as a wonderful life experience. They want to encourage women to strive for a fulfilling and safe childbirth experience.

So why choose a midwife?

Midwives help improve the outcome of labour and birth. Midwifery care make use of judicious practice and use of technology. By having a midwife by your side, pregnant women may be able to avoid the discomforts, risks and disruption that unnecessary procedures impose.

By having a midwife, you may even reduce your chances of having to undergo through a caesarean 85% without compromising safety. In fact, midwifery care has also been proven to reduce the rates of induced labour, epidurals, forcep births and episiotomies. Midwives support women to reduce the length of labour, improve birth outcomes and avoid all unnecessary interventions which may put the mother and the newborn at risk.

Midwives go the extra mile to give you the care that you need. They have a different view on cultural, religious and personal beliefs – this helps give patients a unique giving birth experience. Midwifery care does not only focus on giving birth, it also provides education, health promotion, social support as well as ongoing clinical assessment.

Midwives want women to make informed choices. They encourage women to celebrate the miracle of birth. They also offer personalised care which no other medical institution can give you. So to ensure a peaceful, safe, happy and healthy pregnancy, choose a midwife.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Homebirth transfer rates: cause for concern?

What is a woman really asking when she asks her midwife what the midwife’s transfer rate is?

Women often interview several private midwives when they are choosing the right midwife for their needs. Women will ask many questions of their prospective midwife, and one of the more common questions is, “What is your transfer rate?” meaning, “what percentage of the women who book with you for homebirth, end up transferring to hospital?”

On the surface, this seems like a fair question. But what is the woman really asking? I consider that the woman is really asking, “If I book with you, what’s my chance of being transferred?” and when women ask the same question of several midwives, they are most reassured by the midwife with the lowest transfer rate because they perceive that they have the lowest chance of transferring if they go with the midwife with the lowest transfer rate.

Is it a fair assumption to make, that the midwife’s transfer rate, representing her previous client’s outcomes, are a valid guage for the current woman’s likelihood of transfer? Often I find that transfers can’t be predicted at the time a woman books-in for care. If we could predict it, we’d recommend a planned hospital birth. Considering transfer rates from this perspective, a midwife’s transfer rate has no bearing on the current woman sitting with her. As well as this, some transfers occur because the woman has requested it – eg a request for transfer for an epidural, but not on the advice of the midwife as the labour is actually progressing very normally. The other situation that can arise is that the midwife forsees problems occurring and makes some recommendations to avert those problems, but the woman considers the recommendations and declines to follow them. In these cases, again, the midwife’s transfer rate has no bearing on each new client who interviews a midwife.

What’s a “good” homebirth transfer rate?

Well, many might argue that the lowest transfer rate is the best transfer rate. You’re setting out for a homebirth, right? So why go to the midwife with a “high” transfer rate?

I did some scouting around on the internet and found that transfer rates range from 10% through to 50%. The Netherlands has a transfer rate of 52%! This surprised me. In the Netherlands, 86% women start in “primary” care (midwifery care), 28% are transferred in pregnancy and 17% are transferred in labour, leaving 41% women birthing with midwifery care. Of this 41%, 30% occurred at home and 11% occurred in hospital.

The St George hospital homebirth program reported a transfer rate of 37% for its first 100 births and this was in a low-risk clientele (at the start of pregnancy). Their outcomes were excellent, however and the satisfaction of the women and midwives using / working in the service was very high.

Private midwives’ transfer rates vary – anywhere from 10% to 40% in some States of Australia as well as overseas. So there’s a wide fluctuation. What can we deduce from these transfer rates?

Well, with the exception of the Netherlands – which has large numbers – we can’t really deduce very much at all. You never can when you’re dealing with small numbers. Private midwives in Australia typically don’t attend more than 25-30 births a year, and some as few as 5 births a year. One transfer in 5 births is 20%, whereas if that same midwife had attended more births without complication, perhaps the transfer rate would have only been 10%.

There are a couple of things to consider with high and low transfer rates:
1. The risk status of the women at booking
2. The midwife’s adherence to safety and risk management guidelines and her outcomes.

The midwife with the lowest transfer rate might simply have a low transfer rate because she only attends very low risk women: women who have birthed without complication before, who have no health history and who have no problems in their current pregnancy.

The midwife with the high transfer rate might not be transferring willy-nilly, she might just be taking on a higher risk group of women and adopting a wait and see approach – eg, “yes, you have a family history of high blood pressure and you’ve had it with every pregnancy thus far, but let’s try some preventative measures and see what happens this time”, and continue with homebirth plans. If this woman’s blood pressure went up, she would have been transferred, contributing to the midwife’s “high” transfer rate. The low risk / low transfer rate midwife might not have accepted this woman for homebirth at all, hence the difference in transfer rates.

The other thing to consider with transfer rates is the midwife’s commitment to safety and risk management. Some midwives may have low transfer rates because the decision to transfer is prolonged, or because risk factors are denied. Is it good to have a low transfer rate if women or babies have been compromised?

But getting back to the question, “If I book with you, what’s my chance of being transferred?”, this question is impossible to answer.
1. We can’t tell the future. Family history and health history might shine some light on possible issues for the pregnancy, but not necessarily. We can’t predict all the paths a pregnancy can follow.
2. A woman’s determination to move towards – and remain in – a state of health and wellness is a life-long journey that pre-dates the pregnancy.
3. Although midwives will make recommendations with the aim of homebirth in mind, it is the woman’s right to consider the advice and decline it. Declining a midwife’s advice may well mean that a transfer will become necessary.
4. Midwives’ statistics are only relevant to her past clients, not the client sitting with her currently.
5. For many midwives, the goal is really safety: safety for woman and baby. We strive to achieve the safest birth in the setting that can best meet the needs of our client.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Planning a homebirth vs having a homebirth

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Is it just semantics? “I’m having a homebirth” versus, “I’m planning a homebirth”? I often wonder why more women don’t plan homebirths. Planning a homebirth doesn’t rule out hospital as an option if it’s needed or desired. Planning a homebirth keeps all options open and allows women to make the decision about place of birth towards the end of the pregnancy or even in labour.

Sometimes I’m concerned when I hear, “I’m having a homebirth”. The same way I’m concerned if I hear, “I’m having an epidural / induction / waterbirth” or whatever. Yes, these are our plans, but we never really know what’s going to happen until the time.

There is a transfer rate associated with homebirth and this reflects safe practice and respect for women’s decisions. Bearing that in mind, it’s wiser to say, “I’m planning a homebirth” rather than, “I’m having a homebirth”.

Also, consider the reactions from family and friends when they hear these words. When we “plan” a homebirth, friends and family are put at ease. Plans can change if they need to. The common response, “Homebirth?!?! Isn’t that … dangerous??” is no longer needed because plans can change if risks emerge. Sometimes when people hear, “I’m having a homebirth”, they don’t understand that if hospital is needed, we go. The common questions like, “what if you need a caesarean?” “what if you need an epidural?” are valid when we frame it as “having” a homebirth because these interventions are not available at home. But when homebirth is “planned”, those questions are no longer necessary: plans can change.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

The Benefits of Using a Midwife During Childbirth

In Australia, all babies are born with the help of a midwife. This is true whether you’re giving birth in hospital, birth centre, at home or in an operating theatre. The question is really – what are the benefits to having a midwife as your primary care provider?

So, what is a primary care provider?
A primary care provider is someone who is responsible for your pregnancy and birth care. They may also been seen as the coordinator of your care or “go-to” person. It may either be a doctor or a midwife. Your primary care provider should know all about you and your pregnancy, attend your birth and know all about your baby. Without a primary care provider, your care will be fragmented and it’s entirely possible that some important aspects of your care will be overlooked or forgotten.

Primary medical care is provided by private obstetricians or through doctor’s clinics in public hospitals.

What are the benefits of having a midwife as your primary care provider?
Midwives have a firm belief in pregnancy and birth as natural processes that women can do. In other words, they believe that a woman’s body is perfectly designed for pregnancy and birth. They look for what’s right in the pregnancy and birth, while always being mindful of risks. Midwives help to keep pregnancy and birth normal by focussing on nutrition, lifestyle, health and well being. We that with health in general, healthy people are less likely to get heart disease, diabetes and so on. Well, it’s the same in pregnancy and birth: healthy women and babies are less likely to get sick. So midwives focus on health and well being, while always being alert for situations that need more attention.

Midwives use a holistic, or biopsychosocial model of care. What this means is that you’re not just a pregnancy or a birth to a midwife. You’re a woman, mother, friend, wife, partner, employer / employee and so on. Your midwife will seek information about your life, your family, your interests and so on, as well as your health and medical history. She will take all of this information into account when making recommendations and giving advice.

Midwives are less likely to use disruptive technologies that may lead to further intervention and complications. They’re less likely to induce labour, perform an episiotomy, perform vaginal examinations, break your waters and so on. So your labour is allowed to progress naturally. When you work with your body, it will work with you. When you interfere with your bodily processes, your body will not work as well. This is especially the case in birth where there’s a strong reliance on hormones to initiate labour and keep it going.

Women are usually very satisfied with midwifery care. They feel supported, emotionally, from seeing a midwife. They feel they can trust their midwife and that their wishes are respected. Women feel more comfortable to write a birth plan and discuss their hopes and preferences for their pregnancy and labour when they see a midwife.

So, what does this mean for birth and babies?
Well, there are lots of positives! When you have a midwife as your primary care provider, you can expect:
- choice of birth place (hospital or home)
- a lower rate of caesarean
- a lower rate of episiotomy
- you’re less likely to be induced
- you’re less likely to need pain medication in labour
- you’re less likely to have your waters broken
- you will be listened to and respected
- your birth plan will be respected
- you will be able to build trust with the midwife who will help you in birth
- you will be less likely to have an assisted birth (eg forceps)
- you will have a lower chance of getting postnatal depression
- you will be less likely to have a traumatic birth
- you will be more likely to bond well with your baby
- your baby will be more likely to breastfeed successfully
- you will most likely view your labour as being very positive

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Why Birth at Home?

Homebirth provides a familiar and safe environment for birthing. This helps to keep stress hormones low, and positive birth hormones high, and can therefore make the birth easier and less painful. Women choose a homebirth because they believe in their body’s ability to birth, wish to involve their partner and other children more, or prefer to reduce the chance of intervention in their labour. And becuase let’s face it: pregnancy and birth are normal, healthy and natural experiences. We don’t go to hospital to experience other normal, healthy and natural bodily experiences such as food digestion, urination, menstruation, defecation …. we trust that our bodies work, and that these processes work too.

Women choose homebirth to:
Experience fewer complications in labour
Reduce the need for interventions
Use less pain medication
Remain in comfortable and familiar surroundings
Have a baby who has fewer problems after the birth
Increase their success with breastfeeding
Improve bonding with their baby
Provide a gentle birth for their baby
Involve other siblings and family
Have choice and control
Reduce birth trauma
Receive care from the same midwife right the way through
Benefit from having more choices available
Have a great birth!

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Birthing in hospital with your own private midwife

Many women prefer to birth their babies in hospital, but they want to have the same midwife all the way through their pregnancy, birth and post-birth period. It’s about building trust, having a familiar face and being understood and supported. During your pregnancy, we explore what birth means to you and discuss your goals for pregnancy and birth, focussing on what’s important to you, what you need, and looking at ways of making the birth as positive and healthy as possible.

I know that no two women are the same, so your care is tailored and individualised to your needs.

Your care

As your private midwife, I provide clinical care, information, advice and emotional support as you journey through your pregnancy and birth. I meet with you regularly in pregnancy so we can learn about each other, and so you can more feel comfortable with me. I help you formulate a birth plan and de-brief previous birth experiences.

When your labour starts, we will be in frequent contact and we will decid whether I should see you at home before heading to hospital, or whether we will meet at the hospital. I will remain your midwife in hospital, caring for you through your labour until your baby is safely born. Early discharge from hospital is encouraged, and we will continue your care at home for 6 weeks.

It’s important to have an understanding of how the general hospital system (public or private) works, to really appreciate why it is so valuable to have your own privat midwife for a hospital birth. Hospital midwives are often busy caring for other women in labour: a hospital-employed midwife often cares for 2-3 labouring women at any given time, while also answering phones, performing administrative roles and so on. When you have your own private midwife with you, she is dedicated to you, and hospital staff are not involved in your care unless invited. This means you have the undivided attention of the midwife you know and trust. Other than your partner and chosen support people, formal birth support is not needed as your private midwife will be right by your side, supporting you all the way.

You benefit from:
- higher chance of normal vaginal birth
- minimal intervention during birth
- professional advice and clinical care
- lowest chance of caesarean
- lowest chance of episiotomy
- lower requirement for pain relief
- higher breastfeeding rates
- lower rates of pregnancy admissions to hospital
- access to midwife means you can change to home birth at any time and have that mifwife as your primary care provider
- midwives can monitor your baby in pregnancy and labour
- midwives can monitor your health in pregnancy and labour
- midwives can liaise with other health professionals if needed

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Is Homebirth Right for me?

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

For most women, home birth is a safe and responsible decision. Homebirth is possible for women who:

Are having their first babies
Are having their second, third or subsequent babies
Have had a previous traumatic birth
Had a very fast birth last time
Prefer a more natural experience
Are healthy

Why choose homebirth?
Some women find that having their baby in the comfort of their home provides a supporting environment.

This helps to keep stress hormones low, and positive birth hormones high, making the birth easier and less painful.

Other women homebirth because they believe in their body’s ability to birth, wish to involve their partner and other children, or prefer to reduce the chance of intervention in their labour.

A number of different research studies have looked into the safety of homebirth – all reliable research has found that for healthy women, homebirth is a safe option.

Keeping Homebirth Safe
A common question I am asked is, “What if something goes wrong?” Private midwives take several precautions to keep home birth safe. This includes things such as:

Screening women carefully so that only low-risk, healthy women birth at home
Careful monitoring during pregnancy and labour to ensure that any possible risks are detected early, allowing time for transfer to hospital or consultation with obstetric staff
Building a relationship with the woman that is based on mutual trust and respect. This is central to an effective relationship between woman and midwife.

Midwives who birth with women at home are educated and experienced to assess the wellbeing of mother and baby throughout pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, birth and the postnatal / neonatal period. Midwives use the ACMI Guidelines for Referral and Consultation to support clinical decision-making in consultation with the client. Of course, with a homebirth, you have the right to make your own informed decisions about your care and your decisions are respected.

The Cost of Homebirth
Some people believe that private / independent midwifery care is expensive. I have prepared the following table to explain how the services are broken down. Home birth services are very comprehensive, and home birth midwives spend many hours with women and their families, building a strong relationship during the pregnancy that carries through to the birth and beyond. Typical home birth services consume a whopping 72 hours of a midwife’s time!

PLUS
On-call – for the duration of the pregnancy: you need to be available for whatever might come up
Research
Administrative tasks
Professional consultation with other professionals on the client’s behalf

As you can see, the service provided by a private midwife is comprehensive and does not compare easily with other maternity services in terms of continuity of care, hours of contact, follow-up and availability. When you choose a home birth with an independent midwife, you are choosing gold standard service.

As you can understand, when midwives provide this level of service, it is impossible to book more than two or three clients each month.

Some women ask me whether I will provide reduced services such as no postnatal care, one or two antenatal visits, a late booking, and so on, in order to reduce the cost. I prefer to provide a comprehensive service and the women who book with me see the value in this approach. A home birth is an investment in you and your baby, afterall. And you deserve the very best.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Private and public pregnancy options

I am often asked what the difference is between the private and public options for pregnancy and birth.

Private care generally affords women:
- Choice of care provider
- Choice of place of birth – home, hospital (public or private)

- Greater comfort and a more personalised service

Public care options often mean:
- a midwife or obstetrician will be assigned to you; you will not be able to choose your care provider
- Choice of place of birth is limited. Homebirth is only an option at a minority of hospitals and women generally have to go to the public hospital that is closest to their home
- Services cater more to the immediate physical needs with little appreciation for the emotional and mental journey of pregnancy and birth.
- Services are standardised by hospital policies. The same policies will apply to all women birthing at that hospital with little scope for movement.

The good news about medicare-eligible private midwifery care is that families are able to claim Medicare benefits for the care that is received from a private midwife. This rebate will significantly bring down the prices for private midwifery care, making it an affordable option for women wanting to birth in hospital with a private midwife, or at home.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Decision-making: Heart and Head

Through my practice, I have a lot of women coming to me who are experiencing conflict with regards to the choices they have made for their pregnancy and birth. Typically, they find (sometimes quite late in their pregnancy) that perhaps the choice they made right back at the start of their pregnancy, no longer works for the, or the choice that they made was perhaps not as well informed as they thought it was. Some women find it hard to take the attitude of interviewing potential care providers before pregnancy (or very early in pregnancy) and then choosing the midwife or obstetrician who is best able to meet their needs. The end result can often be a woman who chooses an obstetrician with the goal of a natural birth, only to discover that their doctor will only “deliver” their baby if they’re on their back in bed with an epidural in place. Or that induction is performed by 40 weeks, or that all women have their waters broken and all first time Mums have an episiotomy or so on. And sometimes, the more reading a woman does, the more she realises that this is not what she wants.

I often ask the question, “What was it that made you decide on this particular care provider?”

And the responses are generally very interesting.

• My GP referred me
• My mother / sister / friend / neighbour used this midwife and she said she’s wonderful
• Well, when I got pregnant I went to my GP. She asked me if I have private health insurance and I said yes, so she wrote a referral to Dr XX.

I ask these women if they considered any other options. “What options?” comes the response.

I’m amazed that with the marvels of modern technology, internet etc, women don’t know they have other options. We have options with all sorts of things in life, and we don’t shy away from discovering them either! It seems to be to be an interesting handing-over of responsibility when it comes to pregnancy and birth, and I’m curious why it happens with pregnancy and birth, but not in other aspects of life. Do we buy a particular computer – that can’t meet our needs – because it was recommended and we didn’t know there were other computers on the market? Do we buy a large house when we need a small house because it was recommended by the real estate agent?

In most other situations where choices are involved, people will engage in a process of assessing options.

We might list all the possible options and then assess each option across a range of qualities.

We ask questions.

We consider what it is that we really want, and then match it to what’s available, seeking the most compatible choice.

But sadly, this does not happen with pregnancy and birth. Perhaps it should?

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

How is a hospital midwife different to a private midwife?

This is a question I’m asked quite frequently so I’d like to take this opportunity to explain the difference.

Hospital midwives are employed by a hospital, either public or private. The majority of hospital midwives work shifts and there are generally 3 shifts in a day, so that each woman will go through 3 different midwives each day, in the provision of her care. Many hospital midwives do not work across the full scope of midwifery practice; instead, they work in one area only, such as postnatal. Because of this, it is unlikely that women would be afforded the opportunity to meet with the midwives who’ll be providing their care in labour and after their baby is born, first because the midwives work in shifts and it’s impossible to know who’ll be rostered on on the big day, and second because the midwives in postnatal, for example, would not work in the antenatal clinics which is where women go for their pregnancy care. The other implication is that antenatal midwives – who do not work with breastfeeding mothers – are not best placed to provide breastfeeding preparation and advice in pregnancy; likewise, delivery suite midwives would also not be best placed to advise about early pregnancy tests.

Another important factor is that hospital-employed midwives are bound by hospital policies. It’s a condition of employment. So that when something props up and the woman wants impartial information or alternative suggestions to explore, the hospital-employed midwife is not able to provide this.

Private midwives run their own businesses and are self-employed. They book their own clients and arrange their work life and hours to meet the needs of their clients. They follow their clients through from pregnancy, birth and afterwards with their new baby, generally for 6 weeks. Private midwives do not work in shifts; we are on call 24/7 for the families in our care. This means that the same midwife is accessible at all times, either by phone or in person.

Families choose their private midwife, whereas there’s no option to choose hospital midwives: you have whoever is rostered on when you’re there. Choice is an important factor of maternity care, and is a driving factor in the success of private obstetric practices where women can interview several obstetricians before choosing the one that best meets their needs.

Private midwives are not bound by hospital policies. We do follow the guidelines of our professional bodies such as the Australian College of Midwives, as well as researched and widely-accepted clinical practice guidelines, as well as legal requirements, but when it comes to exploring all options, private midwifery is the way to go. A common example might be a breech baby. Hospital policy may be to offer to turn the baby manually (ECV) so that it is head down. If this is not successful, caesarean will be encouraged. These options are also given by private midwives, as well as the natural alternatives to turning breech babies, and if the baby decides to remain breech, there is the option of vaginal breech birth and the woman will be able to approach this knowing that she has a skilled professional by her side, on her side.

Women will generally approach private midwives for the one-to-one flexible care that we provide; they want to get to know the midwife who’ll be there on the special day (or night) when their new family member arrives. It’s only natural to want to know that person who’ll be with you during the most life-changing, amazing and special moments of your life.

Generally, satisfaction with private midwifery care is very high, whether the woman birthed at home or in hospital.

Women are generally very satisfied with their care because they have far more control over what does and does not happen to them. Women have greater access to resources that helps them to feel confident with their abilities to birth naturally and fully aware of all options so that they can choose the best one for their needs.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

I’m meeting with a private midwife. What questions should I ask?

Some of the suggested questions will be of major importance to you and others will not concern you at all. It is very important to be clear with your midwife about what is important to you and what sort of care you expect.

Contact and availability

What are your back-up plans?
How can I contact you if I need help or advice?
Are you likely to be away when my baby is due?

Experience

How long have you been registered as a midwife?
Where have you worked?

Qualifications

What qualifications do you hold?
Do you hold any professional memberships?

Professional Development

Can you describe the continuing professional development you have participated in over the past year?
Do you engage in peer review?

Safety

What arrangements for professional indemnity insurance do you have?
Do you maintain a register of the births that you have attended?
Do you currently have any cases against you?
Do you audit your practice? Are your stats in line with current safety standards?
Does your practice adhere to current professional guidelines for midwifery practice?

Fees

What costs are incurred in midwifery care? What is included in these costs? Can I claim the cost with my private health fund?
Can I claim your fees through Medicare?

Pregnancy

Where will my antenatal consultations take place?
How long are the antenatal consultations?
How many antenatal consultations am I likely to have?
What will happen if I need to see an obstetrician during my pregnancy or labour?
How can I access tests and ultrasounds?
Do you provide antenatal classes or should I make arrangements to attend private classes?

Birth

What hospital transfer arrangements do you recommend?
How do you monitor the well-being of my baby during labour?
Do you attend water births?
What percent of the time do you find it necessary to cut an episiotomy?
What would happen if I decided that I want an epidural?
What percentage of your clients have a cesarean section?
What sort of resuscitation equipment do you have?
Do you provide support through miscarriage or stillbirth?
Do you encourage your clients to write a birth plan?

Postnatal

What will happen if my baby needs to see a paediatrician?
How many postnatal consultations do you provide?

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Why do midwives need to charge for their services?

There are some common questions around fees that I often hear from women who enquire about private midwifery services. In general, the feeling is that private midwifery is very expensive. Some women want to barter, many want a discount or other reduction, some want to re-pay me after their baby bonus comes in (this payment is now made over 6 months after the baby is born) and many simply do not understand why they need to pay at all.

All of this baffles me.

Do we bartner for other goods and services at this stage of evolution? Can I pay my mortgage with eggs from my farm? Or maybe they’ll accept my car as payment? That ought to knock a few thousand off the mortgage, surely. Sadly, no, our society runs on money.

Do we ask for a discount at the dentist? Maybe the dentist can do only my top teeth and I’ll pay half price?

Midwifery is a kind and caring profession that is unlike any other. We go to family’s homes, often meeting their extended family and close friends. We form strong bonds with our clients that often last way beyond the official 6-week discharge. I have recently attended a birthday party for a very special person who came into this world just over a year ago. Her family is very dear to me, as are many of the families I work with. Midwifery is heart and soul. It’s a passion. If I didn’t need money to live, I would do it for free because there’s no other “job” in this world that brings me and the families I partner with, more pleasure and joy and satisfaction.

But …. I do need to live. And if I was employed, my boss could not expect me to work for free.

It saddens me to have a woman enquire about my service and then exclaim how expensive it is and hang up quickly. It saddens me to read posts on forums from people who are only wanting a student midwife or a trainee doula because they do not value their babies, births and themselves enough to engage a private midwife.

When women say, “It’s too expensive”, I hear, “I don’t prioritise and value myself enough to find the money to pay for this essential service”. We find money for cars, holidays, new computers, clothes, handbags …. but when people find that the going rate for private midwifery care is around $5000, they baulk at that amount. An average of $5000 over 42 weeks of care is $119 per week. That’s what the family pays. What does the midwife commit for this payment?

Well, I think there are two main aspects. One is lifestyle and the other is “business”.

Lifestyle first.
Being on call is a part of midwifery. I take calls from clients any day, any time. I’m ready, at their beck and call whenever they need me. For labour, because they’re concerned about something and need me to check things out, because they’re fearful or anxious, or becuase they’ve had their baby and are having difficulty feeding. It’s also about being on call for births – that’s of course a big part of being a private midwife. Babies come when they’re ready but most come between 37 and 42 weeks. What this means for the midwife is that for that entire 5 week period, she is on call for birth. Bit in reality, from the time she accepts a client’s booking, she commits to being available for that woman’s pregnancy, birth and new parenting time. No holidays, nothing planned that can’t be cancelled at short notice. No other employment. Simply being on call. When a midwife is on call, she lives, sleeps and showers with her phone. It’s always on. It’s on at the movies. It’s on at an expensive restaurant (sans alcohol because you can’t drink if you’re on call). It’s on during your best friend’s wedding. It’s on when you’re tired, it’s on at the supermarket. And it does ring. And when it does, the midwife drops what she is doing and attends her birthing client. Always. No weekends off. You must always have your car with you, packed with your birthing kit and oxygen and suction … because you just never know when the phone’s going to go off. And when you go, you don’t know how long you’re going to be gone for. A few hours? A day? 2 or 3 days? Hmmm. Better pack a change of clothes and toiletries.

Now if it was any other “job”, being on call would be a huge issue. But midwifery is a passion and so the 3am phone calls on a wet and cold winter’s morning are answered excitedly. Besides, it’s wonderful to be at births at sunrise. There’s something so special about welcoming a new baby at the start of a new day.

Now the other side to midwifery is … business.

Private midwives run their own businesses. It is our only source of income and we cannot take unlimited numbers of births each month or we’d miss some. That, of course, is not the aim. Therefore I limit my bookings to an average of 2 births per month. Like any business, there are expenses. These aren’t obvious to clients. But they’re there. The car, consulting rooms and insurance are the biggest expenses. It’s not unusual to do 30,000Km per year. Petrol is filled every week, sometimes twice a week. Then there’s midwifery equipment. There’s not a lot there really, and most items aren’t that expensive. Dopplers are probably the most expensive “tool” and they cost anywhere from $350 – over $1000. But there are other costs such oxygen and suction hire and sterilisation of instruments. Then there are other expenses related to holding a professional license. We are required to participate in at least 40 hours of continuing professional development (ongoing education) each year. We have fees associated with professional memberships, journal subscriptions, registration renewal and so on.

There are costs associated with running an office: stationery, printing, computer, fax machine, marketing aids such as brochures and business cards, exhibiting at expos, advertising and so on. Then there’s things like superannuation, annual leave and sick leave. If we don’t work, no money comes in so we need to plan for some time off for a holiday and also for the inevitable cold or flu that might strike once in a while.

Doctors, Energy Australia, Coles etc do not accept requests for discounts or payment 6-12 months after purchase (some shops do, but you can’t generally do this for fruit and veges and bills). If we can’t afford the services, we either need to make a more affordable choice or find the money to pay for the goods or services. We don’t ask the supplier or provider to compromise their position.

If women don’t pay their midwife, their midwife cannot afford to pay her bills or run her practice. Believe me, midwives do not live rich lives. Most do not drive Porsches, live in fancy houses and have expensive holidays. But we do need to live.

I have had clients who truly don’t have money, find the full fee, make payments on time and never question it. They know the value of their choice. I’d like to share with my readers some of the comments I have heard from my clients about fees:
“We received an exemplary standard of care, unavailable through any other service … we received a top quality service which was incredibly good value for money.”
“I believe this service is superior to any other available and really suited our needs”
“The service is very thorough and “on-call” whenever we needed it.”
“It’s not expensive when you look at the hours that go into it”

What are your views on private midwives requesting payment for their services?

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Pregnancy Testing

Many women will want to find out as soon as possible if they are pregnant, and so it’s a relief to know that you don’t need to see your midwife to find out if you are pregnant. Home pregnancy tests are very reliable – about 98% reliable, and can be done from as early as the time that your period is due. Other, newer test kits can actually be done before your preiod is due. Home pregnancy tests are urine tests that give you a positive or negative result. Your midwife can also perform this test, or s/he can send you for a blood test to confirm your pregnancy. You can obtain a home pregnact test kit from your local chemist or supermarket and test yourself in the privacy of your home.

If you test fairly early – at or before the time that your preiod is due, it might be helpful to repeat the test in a few days if the first test is neative (not pregnant) and your period doesn’t start. Alternatively, you can make an appointment with a private midwife for testing.

Another, very accurate method is a blood test, and many mdiwives will do a blood test to confirm a pregnancy. The blood test checks for hCG in your blood. This is a hormone that rises during the first few weeks of pregnancy.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Options for pregnancy care

There are two main decisions to make about your care: one is your place of birth, and the other is your care provider.

Sometimes one decision will force another, for example an obstetrician will only deliver babies in a hospital, and birth centre care will generally mean having midwifery care.

But there are many other combinations:

Private midwife – home birth
Private midwife – hospital birth (public hospital as a private patient; private hospital as a private patient; public hospital as a public patient)
Public hospital care – midwives
Public hospital care – obstetricians
Public hospital care – shared care with a GP

and so on. There is really quite a lot of choice when you think about it.

Ultimately, if continuity is important to you, you will need to look to the private system – either obstetrics or midwifery – to ensure as much as possible that your chosen care provider will actually be there to help you in birthing.

The other thing to consider is that midwives and obstetricians, especially in the private sector – will tend to book out early. Some obstetricians will require you to book an appointment as soon as you find out you are pregnant, and will be fully booked at around 6 weeks. For many private midwives, this is the same. Other times, you my find that you can change from the public system to the private system later in pregnancy and a space will be made available for you.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

About Midwifery

What is a Midwife?

A midwife is a person who, having been regularly admitted to a midwifery educational programme … has successfully completed the prescribed course of studies in midwifery and has acquired the requisite qualifications to be registered and/or legally licensed to practice midwifery.

The midwife is recognised as a responsible and accountable professional who works in partnership with women to give the necessary support, care and advice during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period, to conduct births on the midwife’s own responsibility and to provide care for the newborn and the infant. This care includes preventive measures, the promotion of normal birth, the detection of complications in mother and child, the accessing of medical or other appropriate assistance and the carrying out of emergency measures …

What is a Private Midwife?

Private midwives are midwives who work in private practice in a self-employed capacity, running their own businesses and seeing private clients.

Why work privately?

In my private practice, I work with a limited number of families each month so that I can be sure of my availability for each woman when she needs me. I am able to tailor the care I provide to each woman, ensuring that it best meets her needs. I can offer flexible appointment times, including on weekends, so that both the woman and her partner are able to attend all appointments. In short, private practice is the best way that I have found to provide the best care and service to my private clients.

What is an Eligible Midwife?

Eligible Midwives meet a registration standard that enables them to provide Medicare-funded care and order diagnostic tests and ultrasounds relating to pregnancy, birth and the newborn period. Medicare benefits enable women to claim some of the cost of private midwifery care, much the same way we do when we see a GP. Melissa Maimann is a medicare-eligible midwife and her services attract a Medicare rebate. An Eligible Midwife meets certain advanced requirements:

At least 3 years of full time experience as a midwife;
Competence to provide pregnancy, birth and postnatal care;
Successful completion of a professional practice review program;
40 hours per year of continuing professional development (20 hours in addition to standard requirements)

How is a midwife different to a doula?

A midwife is the primary care provider for pregnant, birthing and postnatal women.

Both midwives and doulas provide emotional and physical support to women in labour and birth, and work with labouring women to suggest position changes and provide emotional support.

Midwives are registered health professionals with a university degree and they are recognised by legislation. The doula industry is not regulated and formal qualifications are not required. There are no formal standards of practice or registration for doulas.

Midwives are educated in skills such as newborn resuscitation and care of the pregnant, birthing and postnatal woman – including knowledge of how to keep pregnancy and birth normal. Midwives are also educated to know when medical care is necessary, and they can execute emergency measures while waiting for medical care to arrive.

Midwives can offer qualified advice and clinical care, whereas doulas cannot advise or comment on clinical practices and cannot provide clinical care such as listening to the baby’s heart rate, checking blood pressure etc.

While women may engage a doula’s services for additional support, a midwife or obstetrician will always be needed to provide care.

How is a midwife different to an obstetrician?

Obstetricians are doctors who complete extensive specialist training in pregnancy and birth and all areas of gynaecology. Obstetricians are qualified to provide pregnancy and birth care to healthy women, as well as women with risk-associated pregnancies and births. They are able to perform assisted births such as vacuum births, as well as caesareans.

All women are cared for by a midwife in labour and midwives provide the bulk of labour care. If the woman’s labour is straight forward, an obstetrician would not routinely be involved in her care. However, if the need arose, the midwife would always enlist the support of an obstetrician to provide guidance about the best path to take.

Midwives are primary care providers for low-risk, healthy women throughout pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period and most women can expect to have a healthy pregnancy. However, if the pregnancy or birth take a different path, obstetricians and midwives work together to provide safe care to the woman and her baby.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

No place like home for birth

Link

FORMER Play School presenter Noni Hazlehurst said it was sad that more women who had low-risk pregnancies were not encouraged to have a home birth.

Noni Hazlehurst is among several women who have spoken in favour of homebirthing in the upcoming documentary ‘The Face of Birth’

She described it as a natural, empowering and beneficial experience.

Hazlehurst, who had two home births, said some of her friends were alarmed by her decision, but she said it was a humbling experience.

A DVD to premiere in Melbourne tomorrow features Victorian, national and international medical experts, midwives and academics advocating a woman’s right to choose their place of birth.

It comes after the tragic death of a Melbourne woman who died in hospital the day after her home birth.

Melbourne film-maker and actor Kate Gorman, who gave birth at home, said the film highlighted the unspoken aspects of the debate.

She said they were not saying that all women should have a home birth.

In the DVD, titled The Face of Birth, Hazlehurst says she decided to have home births with qualified midwives because she had heard horror stories about medical interventions in hospital.

She said her mother told her that in the UK only pregnant women with complications had babies in hospitals.

Hazlehurst said her son’s birth was unforgettable.

“It is a much more peaceful and empowering experience if you can have a natural birth in your own environment,” …

She said the hospital was on standby and the reward was two beautiful and healthy children.

Hazlehurst said there was a place for medical intervention, but if women with a low-risk pregnancy wanted to have a home birth they should not be frightened out of it …

Noni touches on the safety aspects of home birth: low-risk women, attended by a midwife, and with hospital back-up. Under these conditions, homebirth is a safe and amazing experience for mother and baby.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Birth review not acted on

Link

One-third of the recommendations from a review into the safety of homebirths have not been acted on, including calls for a more robust investigation of baby deaths …

The report blames limited resources for the lack of progress on meeting the 2008 review’s 24 recommendations, with no evidence of progress in eight of them.

The Health Department ordered the audit a year ago, after its expert committee … found the stillbirth rate in homebirths was four times higher than that of hospital births …

It’s not uncommon to find that under-resourcing impacts the adoption of review findings, but it is unfortunate for homebirth that this is the case. Unfortunately, recent events in WA, VIC and SA have painted an unpleasant image of homebirth that is not deserved, and when review findings go unacted on, we are denied the opportunity of improving the public (media) perception of homebirth. The reality is that low-risk, midwife-attended homebirth, with good back-up plans, medical support and a supportive health system, is a very safe, healthy and satisfying way to birth a baby. Recent research from the UK supports the idea that low-risk women who have previously birthed their babies vaginally are actually safer birthing at home than in a hospital or birth centre stetting.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Hospital says No to cesarean

Link

A NORTH Coast mum who has been told she can’t deliver her baby by cesarean feels [that the] Hospital is prioritising policy over people.

Sylvia … said she was told by an obstetrician at the hospital she could only have a C-section … in an emergency.

“I just had tears streaming down my face – I couldn’t believe it,” …”I feel so powerless and betrayed by the medical system that my choice has been taken away.”

Ms Leveridge, who is 28 weeks pregnant, wants to avoid the 20-hour labour she experienced before undergoing an emergency cesarean to deliver her first child.

Her first baby was a whopping 4.240kg and Ms Leveridge understands this baby will be just as big.

… under the Towards Normal Birth policy, the state is aiming to reduce the cesarean rate to 20% before 2015.

Ms Leveridge said she was advised the hospital has to reduce the number of cesareans it performs in line with the policy.

… there are risks associated with cesarean section operations … the rights of the both babies and mothers have to be balanced out.

“It’s not just the mum’s choice. It’s also the baby’s choice as to how the delivery transpires. This is something that is often lost in the debate about how babies should be delivered,” …

“My problem is I have big babies and I just feel like I’m on the same treadmill,” Ms Leveridge said.

As I see it, there are four issues here:
1. Fear
2. A previous “big” baby
3. A woman’s sense of control over how she will deliver her baby, aka woman-centered care
4. Safety for mother and baby, and the health practitioner’s duty to recommend the safest course of action

Fear
It is not unusual that this woman would feel so fearful of her upcoming birth: her only experience of labour and birth had been an horrendous 20-hour labour with untold interventions delivered in a model of care that provided limited continuity, and ultimately leading to an emergency caesarean. In my practice, women have only one midwife for the whole pregnancy – baby experience. This model of care has been demonstrated to reduce women’s fear, and also promote normal birth. Around 90% women who birth with me experience a normal birth.

A previous “big” baby
A “big” baby is not necessarily a concern, and nor is it necessarily associated with a caesarean. The important factor here is whether the baby was always destined to be a larger baby that is able to fit through an ample pelvis, or whether the baby was abnormally large perhaps because of poor maternal diet or poorly-controlled gestational diabetes. Many “large” babies are born normally: these are often babies who have been nurtured with good nutrition in a woman whose pelvis is amply able to accommodate a larger baby. The labour and birth is often rapid and the baby is born healthily and safely. The same cannot be said of babies who are abnormally large because of high circulating glucose in the mother’s blood. In my practice, much time is spent with women talking about nutrition; why it is important; motivational tools to remain healthy and fit in pregnancy; and finally assisting them with a healthy eating plan that is flexible and is based on their own unique tastes and needs. The average birth weight is around 3.4Kg.

A woman’s sense of control over how she will deliver her baby, aka woman-centered care

We know from studies that a request for a caesarean is based mostly on a woman’s fear of labour. The woman in this article was quite justified in her fear: her only personal knowledge of birth was an awful labour culminating in a caesarean, and she sees herself staring down that same barrel, since she again feels that she has a big baby. I often find that women will make an initial request, for example for a hospital birth or an epidural, and through their pregnancy care experience, they grow massively in terms of their confidence, knowledge and trust, such that they are saying later in pregnancy, “Actually, maybe I can do this without an epidural. Maybe if I can labour and birth in the water, that will help and I won’t need an epidural.” Or, “I know I’ve been wanting a hospital birth all along, but I’m curious about homebirth and if all’s well, I think I might like to stay home in labour.” The power of continuity of care – where every woman has only one midwife as her midwifery care provider – is often understated in the literature.

Safety for mother and baby, and the health practitioner’s duty to recommend the safest course of action

I’ve sometimes been heard to say that as midwives, we really only have one job, and that is safety. Women engage midwives for their care because they understand that midwives have a unique skill-set that includes knowledge, experience, judgment and compassion. If women possessed this skill-set, they would have no need for midwives. It is the health practitioner’s role to recommend the safest course of action, which in this case is a VBAC. The woman is so caught up in fear from a traumatic previous experience that rationally, she is probably not even able to take any of this in. The woman should be supported, not necessarily to birth vaginally or abdominally, but just supported. Nothing more, nothing less. After working one-on-one with her private midwife, towards the end of her pregnancy, and with a healthily-grown baby, she just might see things differently and agree that a VBAC is the safest course of action for her and also for her baby. To thrust this (VBAC) upon a woman who is driven by an unresolved and justified fear state is unreasonable and shows a lack of compassion. Yes, a VBAC is probably the safest for mother and baby. But fear (and the absence of fear: confidence, calmness, surrender) is the most important driver of birth. Until we work to eliminate fear and instill confidence, we will have high caesarean rates, whether these are chosen by women or recommended by health practitioners.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Women need a year to recover from childbirth

Link

New mothers may be told that they will be back to ‘normal’ within six weeks of giving birth, but a new study has found that most women take much longer to recover.

… it takes a year to recover from childbirth

… The psychological effects can also take much longer to recover from.

… hospital wards can have a negative impact on women’s ability to recoup and celebrate the birth of their child because of the constant stream of visitors and the unfamiliar rules and regulations.

Helping new mothers adapt to having a baby in the home has also changed a lot over the years.

In the past women were shown how to perform tasks such as baby bathing and were only discharged from hospital when they were ready.

Now women can go home as soon as six hours after childbirth and many feel they are just ‘left to get on with it’.

Dr Wray said: ‘The research shows that more realistic and woman-friendly postnatal services are needed.

‘Women feel that it takes much longer than six weeks to recover and they should be supported beyond the current six to eight weeks after birth.

‘However, government funding cuts and a national shortage of midwives means that postnatal services will only face further challenges. The midwifery profession must raise the status of postnatal care as any further erosion can only be bad for women and their children.’ …

Private midwifery provides women with 6 weeks of comprehensive postnatal care.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Inducing Labor Better for Big Babies

Link

The study below has made a compelling argument for induction for babies who are thought to be large for their gestational age. The first thing to ascertain before deciding on a course of action, is that the baby is truly larger than expected. All methods of judging a baby’s size in the uterus are prone to error, for example ultrasound has a 15% margin of error. Therefore we need to take this into account when we are advising women of the safest options. Many inductions (and even caesareans) are performed for “big” babies, only to have the induction go pear-shaped and lead to a caesarean … for a 3.5Kg baby. On the other hand, an earlier induction for a genuinely large baby may well prevent a caesarean, forceps birth, perineal trauma (tears, episiotomy) and so on.

Large-for-date babies are more likely to experience neonatal trauma if nature is allowed to take its course than if labor is induced …

Among fetuses estimated sonographically to be above the 95th percentile for weight, adverse events such as shoulder dystocia were three times less likely if labor was induced …

Induction of labor also was associated with a greater likelihood of spontaneous vaginal delivery …

Previous observational studies have suggested that induction of labor may lower birth weight and decrease the chance for neonatal injury such as shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, and death.

However, studies also found increased rates of cesarean section with induction, and the reliability of fetal weight estimation has been questioned.

… 817 women … were assigned to be induced within three days of enrollment or to expectant management.

They averaged 37 weeks gestation, and fetal weight was estimated at an average of 3,700 grams.

The difference between the groups was approximately nine days additional gestation in the expectant management group along with a 287-g (10 oz.) higher birth weight.

In the expectant management group, 6.6% of neonates experienced shoulder dystocia, compared with 2.2% in the induced group …

Also significant was the difference in vaginal deliveries, which occurred in 58.7% of the induced births and 51.7% of expectant births.

Cesarean section was needed in 28% of the induction group and 31.7% of the expectant group.

Secondary outcomes — including clavicular fracture and brachial plexus injury — were similar between the two groups.

There were no serious or permanent brachial plexus injuries or deaths.

… The study demonstrated that prevention of macrosomia at birth can lead to safe birth outcomes …

The other aspect that has not been mentioned in this study is the importance of caring for women and providing advice that will help them to grow a baby who is appropriate for their pelvis, to maximise the chance of a normal birth. This is an essential aspect of the care that I provide to women.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Anaemia in pregnancy

Anaemia is a physiological (healthy) adaptation to pregnancy and is caused by the dilution of your blood. If you – or your midwife – are concerned by anaemia, consider dietary changes – eat food rich in iron (dark green leafy vegetables, red meat, whole grains, dried fruit, parsley, watercress). Avoid tea and coffee.

Supplements – make sure these contain iron and Vitamin C. Some brands can cause constipation. In this case, try Floradix (a liquid form) or FAB Co (tablet form) or Spatone. Herbal supplements include nettle, peppermint, blackcurrant and parsley tea. If anaemia is severe, your midwife may ask to do additional blood tests to determine the cause of anaemia.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Doctor’s preference has strong influence on VBAC

Link

Women who have previously given birth by caesarean are strongly swayed by the opinion of their doctor when it comes to how they should have their second child …

… mothers in this situation are poorly educated on the risks they face with each delivery option.

Despite vaginal births having up to an 80 per cent success rate among those who have had a previous caesarean, most women surveyed decided against having their baby this way.

“Even though most women can achieve a vaginal delivery with trial of labour, less than ten percent of them attempt to do so,”

… 43 per cent of mothers [thought] their doctors preferred the idea of trial of labour went through with it, while only four per cent did when they claimed their physician was in favour of caesarean.

… the vast majority of patients were unaware of the chances of success and danger through vaginal delivery and more than half did not know which delivery method had a faster recovery time …

This raises an interesting discussion around informed consent doe VBAC versus elective repeat caesarean. What did your midwife or obstetrician tell you about caesarean versus VBAC, and were you swayed by their opinion? Did you choose your midwife or doctor based on whether they would support you in a planned VBAC or caesarean?

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

After baby arrives: midwifery care

The focus of midwifery care is often “the birth”, however, the biggest “chunk” of midwifery care is pregnancy care, and then postnatal care. The birth – special, important and transforming as it is – is only one day (or night) in a ten-month professional relationship. I wanted to share some insights in postnatal midwifery care, as an often-neglected but important aspect of the care of a woman and her family.

Once a baby is born, new parents can be thrown into an enormous sense of responsibility, combined with a very steep learning curve. A midwife helps the mother and family make this transition to parenthood. A midwife is there to help with breastfeeding, teach practical baby care and also to provide the necessary checks of mum and baby to ensure that the normal recovery process is underway.

I provide my clients with extensive postnatal care because I know it can be a challenging time for a new family. I visit at home or in hospital every day for the first week. After that time, families can choose to see me in my private rooms or I visit them in their home. There are two visits in the second week, and then week 3, 4 and finally discharge at week 6.

We do all sorts of things: I attend the baby’s newborn screening test (Blood spot test), I check the mother and baby to ensure that they are both recovering, we talk about breastfeeding and ensure that the baby is feeding well, we monitor the baby’s output to be sure that the baby is getting sufficient milk for his/her needs, I attend the Vitamin K drops for families who choose to give their babies Vitamin K drops, and we do lots of education about postnatal care, postnatal depression, what to expect with a new baby in the first few weeks, expressing milk, safe sleeping, adjusting to parenthood and so on.

Over time, I have increased the care that I provide to my clients and the feedback from my clients has been that the current visiting schedule has enabled them to feel confident, safe and secure with their new baby. Much of this stems from the extensive preparation that my clients do in their pregnancy, and that most have a drug-free, natural birth. This seems to help with the baby’s adaptation to newborn life.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Maternal Death following a Homebirth

Much has been published recently about the very unfortunate death of a mother following a homebirth with private midwives. No details have been released that could allow us to form an opinion that this woman’s death was “because” she birthed at home, and it is also possible that an appropriate and timely transfer was arranged and that she died of complications that arose in hospital. I am not privy to any more details than what can be found in the local press. Even though at this stage, no-one really knows how or why Caroline died, many people have taken the opportunity to make assumptions as to the exact cause of death, and more so, they are certain that her death would have been preventable and hence avoidable had she birthed in hospital. I am astounded that anyone could make such assumptions – and that the media would publish such opinions – when they are not grounded in fact.

So, what do we know?

Maternal mortality includes deaths in women up to a year after giving birth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. The maternal mortality rate in Australia varies between about 8.4 and 11.1 per 100,000.

Direct maternal deaths are those that result from obstetric complications of pregnancy. This includes such things as amniotic fluid embolism, haemorrhage, infection and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

As well as direct maternal deaths, there are also indirect maternal deaths, and these are deaths that result from pre-existing disease which maybe aggravated by pregnancy or birth. This can include such things as heart disease, psychiatric causes, epilepsy and so on.

It has been suggested that since 1999, there has only been one other woman who has died following a homebirth attended by a midwife. The AIHW report for 1997-99 also describes another maternal death following a homebirth, however that was an unattended homebirth (ie, the woman had given birth at home without a midwife present). Both women died of postpartum haemorrhages.

The question we need to ask, is whether these reports of maternal death following homebirth reach statistical significance. In statistics, a result is statistically significant if it is unlikely to have occurred by chance. It is possible that the two maternal deaths following midwife-attended home births are the only deaths we will have for the next 50-odd years; or it could be that in the next few years, we will have far more maternal deaths following midwife-attended homebirths. Certainly, other countries do not report an increased maternal mortality rate for women birthing at home with a midwife.

All of this said, it is incumbent on every midwife who attends homebirths to advise women of the increased risk of death and serious injury should a major complication occur at home. This is related to the lack of resources, staff and facilities at home and the time and distance needed to transfer to hospital in an urgent situation. This, however, is also the case in a smaller public or private hospital, where if something should go horribly wrong, those facilities would also not have the immediate capability to provide the best possible assistance.

In the event of major complications, a team effort is really needed: midwives, obstetricians, anaesthetist, operating theatre, intensive care unit, medications, IV lines, equipment for monitoring the heart and respiration and blood pressure, ultrasound imaging and so on. However, it also needs to be said that this would only be in very rare and exceptional circumstances that can mostly be known in advance. We also know that serious complications that can result in death are more likely when women have had interventions in labour and birth.

This is why women are encouraged to birth in hospital if their medical history suggests that they are at a higher risk of life-threatening complications in birth (eg epilepsy, clotting disorders, high blood pressure, and so on), and it also why midwives are reluctant to attend any form of intervention in the home setting. At the slightest hint of a complication, a responsible midwife will advise her client to transfer to hospital in the interests of safety.

All of this said (and done), low risk does not mean no risk. A perfectly healthy, low-risk woman experiencing a normal pregnancy and a normal labour can still experience a massive postpartum hemorrhage that cannot be effectively managed by the equipment available at a home birth. It also could not be managed at a small private or public hospital where theatre staff, anaesthetists, monitoring equipment etc might not be readily available. It is important for women to understand that while this is highly unlikely to ever happen, should it happen, it does increase the risk of death or serious injury (eg brain damage). It is a difficult task counselling women in very rare but very serious possibilities, and birthing women need to feel free to make the best decisions for them and their families, in the full knowledge of all possibilities. Midwives should not withhold this information from women as it is materially significant to their decisions about place of birth.

Certainly, the media takes the view that all homebirth deaths could be prevented by having those women birth in hospital. This may be true. Or maybe not. Private midwives examine the deaths of women in hospitals, and often comment that those deaths might have been preventable had those women birthed at home or with a private midwife in hospital. Cases of women dying following unnecessary caesareans. Women suiciding in the early postnatal period with no support in caring for their baby and ineffective antenatal planning for the possibility of postnatal depression. Women dying of postpartum haemorrhage following induced labour (induction is a risk for PPH) for hypertension: it might surprise you to know that rates of high blood pressure are very low amongst women cared for by private midwives. A PPH in a woman who had had a caesarean for her third baby – a breech baby: this woman could very easily have proceeded with a vaginal birth, especially given that it was her third baby. Avoidance of the caesarean might have meant no PPH and saved her life. These are the sorts of cases where hospital doesn’t “save” women from death: it might be seen, in some cases to actually cause the death, however the media will never report on this.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

“I’ve been told my baby is big”

and my care provider wants to induce me / schedule a caesarean.

An interesting dilemma. What to do? A recent article has found that ultrasound diagnosis of fetal macrosomia (a big baby) at term is inaccurate in the majority of cases, and this inaccuracy may be contributing to unnecessary caesarean sections.

In an observational cohort study of 235 pregnancies at term in which ultrasound measurements led to a diagnosis of fetal macrosomia, only about a third of the infants were actually macrosomic at birth. Additionally, these pregnancies with ultrasound-diagnosed fetal macrosomia were more than twice as likely as all pregnancies in the population to end in cesarean delivery

Surprisingly, the accuracy of ultrasound in assessing fetal weight is similar to that found with simple clinical palpation (feeling the size of the baby through the woman’s abdomen)

The [average] percentage error of the estimated fetal weight was 8.6% overall. Viewed another way, 44% of the weights were off by more than 10%, and 7% were off by more than 20%.

The mode of delivery was cesarean section in 66% of the pregnancies, compared with just 29% of all pregnancies in Calgary during the same period. “So it’s [more than] double, the percentage who are getting C-sections, on what is [an inaccurate weight]

It’s a difficult situation for the care provider when considering what to say to a pregnant woman. Tell any woman her baby might be “big” and she’ll rightly be scared. And this fear can impact the birth and lead to interventions. Conversely, is it ok to say, “Your baby is the perfect size for your pelvis and you’ll birth your baby beautifully”? What if it doesn’t quite work out this way for this woman?

I like to let women know that size isn’t everything. We all know this! The position of the baby is also really important as is the strength of the contractions, a woman’s morale and motivation, her support team, and the decisions she’ll make with her care provider.

A woman can have a “small” posterior baby that results in a long labour … or a “large” but well positioned baby that results in a smooth and easy labour. I’ve known many women to have a caesarean with their first baby – women will say, “He didn’t fit. It was a long labour and I only got to 4cm and he was only 3.4Kg” and they go on to have a 4kg baby next time in a four hour labour with no tears.

My feeling is that it is ok to let a woman know that her baby feels like it might be larger than expected so that the woman can proactively plan for her labour with things like upright positions in labour, positions that open the pelvis and positions that help her to relax. It’s always important to be truthful as this builds trust. It’s also really important to talk about the position of the baby as I often find that a baby’s position in labour is more important than its size. It’s not about creating fear and disappointment by suggesting, “Your baby is h.u.g.e … you’ll need a caesarean for sure. In fact, why don’t we book it in now and you can save yourself hours of labour only to end up with a caesarean?” But rather to explain that the baby feels larger than expected, that babies grow at different rates and that size is not the only important factor. And then work with her to help her to understand positions and strategies that will help her through her labour. In my own practice, only 4% women having their first babies have a caesarean, compared with 25% as the National average for first-time mums. I wonder how many caesareans can be avoided by providing continuity of care for women through pregnancy, birth and the new parenting experience?

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

What are the best positions for labour?

The best positions for labour and birth will be the positions that are the most comfortable for the woman. These are usually also the positions that will assist the baby into a good position to be born.

The positions you decide to use will have an effect on your sense of control and how you experience your labour. Generally, women who are able to move around as they need to, will expefince labour more positively and as being less painful, than women who are confined to the bed.

There are many positions that women will naturally adopt in labour, such as:
- Standing
- Leaning over a bench or couch
- All fours positions
- Kneeling positions
- Walking
- Lying on your side

Because gravity helps the baby’s head to descend deeply into the pelvis, upright positions are generally better for aiding progress in labour while also reducing pain. This is because upright positions work with the body in labour, rather than against it.

Many women choose to birth in the water because the sensation of being in water combined with the lack of gravity makes them feel more mobile and able to position in the best way possible to help the baby move through the pelvis.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Natural Twin Birth

I had a difficult delivery with my first baby, including posterior presentation, premature rupture of membranes, meconium staining, stalled labour, 18 hours of Syntocinon, a largely ineffectual epidural, a 4 hour second stage, and forceps delivery. My daughter had severe respiratory distress and was in the NICU for several days. It was a very tough introduction to parenthood and left me quite traumatised, especially the separation from my daughter. My husband and I decided that we would try for a homebirth if we had another baby, in the hope that a calmer environment would assist the birth process. When I fell pregnant again, we found a lovely homebirth midwife.

I started to show really early. At 8 weeks I was in maternity wear. I thought it was just because it was a second pregnancy, but a 9 week ultrasound showed TWO BABIES. We were completely shocked as there are no twins in my family. Twins of course meant that a homebirth was out of the question.

There followed many long months of argument with various obstetricians about our birth choices. We wanted as little intervention as possible. A standard twin delivery involves syntocinon (which I was very afraid of, after the previous experience), continuous monitoring (which I had hated with my first birth, as I felt chained to the bed) and an epidural prior to the second stage, in case positioning/version or a c-section is necessary to deliver the second twin. In my first birth, the epidural meant I had no pushing urge and seriously compromised my ability to deliver my daughter, hence the very prolonged second stage, so I did not want an epidural this time around, although I was prepared for Synto to be administered between the twins if labour did not re-establish. The hospital also wanted both twins delivered on the bed, which I did not agree with as I had found pushing in that position impossible the first time around. Our views were very challenging to the obstetricians and some were quite aggressive about it, although I must say the head OB was more reasonable and was prepared to admit that my refusal to consent to an epidural would be a “complete contraindication” to giving me one! Throughout this stage our midwife was a pillar of strength and information. She gave us the courage of our convictions and more than once came to the hospital to talk with the obstetricians on our behalf. Even so, the hospital was very unhappy with our birth preferences. It was a stressful time, helped somewhat by a Calmbirth ® course.

In the end all our arguments ended up being moot. At 33 weeks, I started to feel an ominous itching all over. Tests showed elevated bile salts and poor liver function results. I had obstetric cholestasis. Our midwife and the hospital agreed: the babies would need to be delivered by 37 weeks. And I knew that that early, an induction would almost certainly involve Syntocinon.

This was really difficult for me to accept. I was terribly afraid of the drug, and knew that Synto would mean continuous monitoring and therefore limit my movement, which I also feared. However, I knew that my fear would make the delivery more difficult and the pain worse. At this point the hospital dropped the bombshell that despite all their delivery rooms having deep birthing baths, I would not be allowed to use those or the shower if I had to have Synto, as they believe this risks pump damage to the Synto pump. Essentially this meant I was walking into a labour that was likely to be more painful, with less pain relief options. It was going to be down to Calmbirth ® alone, if I wanted to avoid drugs (and I did!).

I did a lot of Calmbirth ® practice from then on. But the Calmbirth ® visualisation exercises presupposed a normal delivery without intervention, and I found it very upsetting to listen to them. I hit on the idea of doing my own visualisations, of a medicalised induction process. After a few of these I was able to work through some of my fears.

On the day of the induction, we kissed our daughter goodbye at 5am and met our midwife at the hospital. Preliminary checks showed a Bishop score of 5, very promising for 36 weeks. The hospital midwife applied prostaglandin gel and sent us out to freedom. We had a lovely breakfast. I started to have sporadic contractions but nothing serious. We returned to the hospital 6 hours later. My cervix had ripened to 2cm, and the very cheerful OB was able to break the waters for twin 1 (our second daughter) at 3.45pm. No meconium staining! I dared to ask the OB how she was presenting. ANTERIOR, WOOHOO! I was very pleased with that.

Contractions came rather more strongly after that point, but were still sporadic. The felt very “knifey”, and our midwife explained this was from the prostaglandin gel. We held off on the Synto as long as possible, but at 6.25pm the drip was put up and contractions started in earnest. Continuous monitoring was in place, but via telemetry so I could have moved. Ironically, though, I didn’t feel the need to. I went deep into calm breathing and spent most of the labour sitting beside the bed on a fit ball, sometimes circling my hips but more often just breathing to ride the contractions with my husband stroking my back. Unlike my first labour, I had no real idea of when the next contraction was coming, and ended up doing my calm breathing (in for 4, out for 6) solidly for hours. I wasn’t afraid of the contractions. I could really feel them doing their work, and little twin 1 moving firm and fast down. I was determined to “get out of the way” of labour and with each contraction focused on opening up and not clenching against the pain. Our midwife was convinced things were going quickly and asked us when we thought we would be having the babies. I told her anything before midnight was a sucker bet! She said 11pm.

At 8.30pm, about 2 hours after I started having regular contractions, the pain was starting to get BIG. The OB did a cervix check – I was 5cm. I was very disheartened by this, but our midwife told me that the first 5cm was the hardest, and the very encouraging OB tried to convince me that it wasn’t all about centimetres and that my cervix felt promisingly thin and stretchy. In hindsight, even in my first labour I dilated from 5 to 10cm in under an hour, so I should have known what was coming – but I didn’t!

Throughout this time I was not making any noise. The hospital’s midwife didn’t seem to think I was in established labour, and threatened to up the Synto dose to make the contractions “strong and regular”, even though they were already sufficient to dilate my cervix 3cm in under 2 hours. I managed to insist “no. more. Synto!” She reserved judgement, but it might have been the adrenaline kick I needed, as by 9.15pm I was having enormous contractions every 2-3 minutes. I could feel them as a giant swelling band of pain stretching around my whole belly and stretching lower. At this point I started vocalising “ah, ah, ah” throughout contractions, to help me ride the pain and stop me clenching down. I remember saying “if this isn’t transition, I’m in trouble!” I didn’t believe it could be transition, though – not so early, not when my first birth had taken almost 3 days. Our midwife said she thought we would have babies by 10pm, and I didn’t believe her.

I needed to get off the fit ball and change position, and asked if I could get on all fours, although the idea of moving seemed impossible to imagine. The hospital midwife set up a crash mat and a nice beanbag for me to lean on. I leaned forward and within one contraction of moving had started making some amazing noises. Unlike my “ah ah ahs” they were completely involuntary. And then I could feel twin 1 crowning. I did not believe it had happened so quickly, and cried out “what’s happening?” Everyone still makes fun of me for this. She was born in only a couple of pushes at 9.25pm, and our midwife had to tell the hospital midwife to put her gloves on to catch her. Our beautiful daughter, with a lovely round head, pink skin and a great big yell! There is a photo of me still on all fours, with a blissed-out grin. I could not believe how easy and quick it had been. I got to hold her straight away, but contractions started up again quite quickly, and she went to her daddy for some skin to skin time.

At this point the obstetricians arrived – a registrar and resident. I wanted to stay on the floor, but the registrar managed to persuade me up on the bed to check twin 2′s position, as we knew he was breech. Contractions started up again within minutes and were really agonising now, as I had lost my Calmbirth focus and as the position (twin 2′s spine to mine) had that sort of posterior feeling to it. But within seconds I was again feeling the inexorable urge to push. The OB flicked twin 2′s feet out as he was in a squatting position, the midwife and OB flexed twin 2′s head by pushing on my stomach and with a few mighty pushes he was out too, at 9.39pm. Our son! He was handed to me but unlike J, had a bit of trouble breathing, and spent some time in the special care nursery. He was back to us almost before we knew it. I must say he had a very breech-looking head, which looked like a mighty frown, but he’s ever so handsome and cheerful now.

J weighed in at 2.98kg (I was really ticked off she could not stretch to the extra 20gm), and P weighed 3.06kg, excellent weights for 36 weekers, let alone twins!

After twin 2 was out, I lost all patience for the pain – rather a pity as the Synto kept getting ramped up to deliver the placentas and then to deal with my uterus which did not want to shrink back down. I ended up with a Synto drip all night. I tell people this birth was meant to help me deal with my fear of Synto once and for all.

Both babies had beautiful breastfeeds within an hour or two of birth, which sadly was not an omen of things to come for twin 1, but it was lovely.


Anyway, that was our birth. Twins born without any pain relief (not even hot water) or really any intervention other than the induction drugs, with 4 hours of contractions total and only about 2 of those active labour. It wasn’t the birth I had wanted but it was a wonderful experience and very healing after my first daughter’s birth. I am so proud of myself, and look back on the birth with amazed gratitude all the time.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

The Unkindest Cut: Countdown to a C-Section

Link

… “Usually I start off by telling people my C-section started even before I got to the hospital …

… Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women and Newborns had the highest rate of cesarean section deliveries in San Diego County in 2009. The California average was 29.8 per 100 births; at Sharp Mary Birch, the rate was 37.7.

… At 40 weeks … Cooper-Schultz’s water broke, though she was not in labor. In a birthing class … they told her, we have to get the baby out within 24 hours. So she and her husband went to the hospital right away.

“They pretty much wanted to put me on Pitocin the minute I walked in the door because I wasn’t having regular contractions,” …

… women believe their C-section deliveries at Mary Birch were the result of convenience for the doctors, fear of litigation, and/or lack of staff training in nonmedicated childbirth options.

… It is common for hospitals to use Pitocin if a woman has not gone into active labor within 24 hours after her water has broken to avoid the risk of infection. But the staff at Mary Birch wanted to give Cooper-Schultz Pitocin within the first two hours.

Cooper-Schultz refused the Pitocin at first. She wanted to get things going naturally … At the 12-hour mark, her cervix had dilated to four centimeters. She says she now understands that this “is a good natural labor progression for a first-time mom.”

But it wasn’t fast enough for the staff at Mary Birch. Cooper-Schultz … allowed them to give her the Pitocin that she says they’d been pushing since she’d arrived.

… “They weren’t honest with me. They didn’t say, ‘If you get the Pitocin, you’re probably going to need an epidural.’”

… Cooper-Schultz withstood the pain of Pitocin contractions for eight hours before she finally gave in and got an epidural … The epidural worked on only her left half.

At one point, the doctor came in to check on her and alerted the nurses that she was going home to take her kids to school. Sometime later, she returned with wet hair, checked Cooper-Schultz, found her at nine centimeters, and told her to try pushing.

“I pushed, and [the baby’s] heart rate went down … she said she’s worried about it. She said, ‘He’s not in distress, but he’s a little bit stressed.’”

The doctor told Cooper-Schultz it would go one of three ways. In the first scenario, Cooper-Schultz would push for 20 or so minutes and the baby would come out. In the second, she could push for 20 or so minutes, the baby would not come out, and they’d have to do an emergency cesarean section. Or, the doctor said, they could do a cesarean section right now.

Cooper-Schultz chose the cesarean. …
∗ ∗ ∗

Helen … welcomes me into her North Park apartment shortly after the dinner hour on a Tuesday evening in mid-September. She tells me she’s an unlikely candidate for natural childbirth.

“I’m like Woody Allen,” she says. “I am a New Yorker who likes living in the city, who likes creature comforts. And for somebody like me to be embracing [natural childbirth] is humongous.”

… Dover’s story is similar to Cooper-Schultz’s in that it begins with a desire to give birth naturally … and ends in what she considers an unnecessary C-section. One difference is that when Dover started out, she did know she might have to fight for what she wanted … She stayed home and labored for 10 to 12 hours before she went to the hospital, avoiding “the clock” for as long as she could.

When she arrived, armed with her research and her hopes for a natural birth, she found that the environment at Mary Birch had a greater impact on her than she’d imagined it would.

… The progression she’d experienced at home, from two centimeters to four, slowed drastically when she arrived at the hospital. A doctor told her that it might help if he broke her water. So she allowed it. But nothing happened …

… Dover lists her regrets: Not waiting and laboring longer at home. Allowing the Pitocin at 12 hours. Giving in to the epidural after 8 more hours. But the regrets go as far back as her pregnancy, when she chose to stay with Sharp.

“I should’ve just switched … “In order for me to switch to Scripps and go to one of the birth rooms at Scripps, which has a much better record, would have meant changing everything: changing my primary care physician, changing my OBG. I would’ve had to totally change my insurance policy. And at the time, I already had a pediatrician picked out for her and everything. We’d interviewed, and just the idea of doing all of that was overwhelming. I thought I didn’t have the strength to do it.”

… “[The doctor] said, ‘You need a C-section,’” she says. “I said, ‘I don’t understand why I need a C-section. Everything seems to be fine. Her heart rate’s not dropping.’ And he said, ‘Well, she’s stuck.’”

“… I was totally against using the suction, but anything besides the total hands-off. He said, ‘I don’t want to hurt your baby, and you don’t want to hurt your baby.’ I started crying. And I just finally said, ‘Fine. Cut me open.’” …

∗ ∗ ∗

The obstetrician a woman chooses plays as large a role in her birth experience as the place she chooses to deliver her baby. Some doctors have a reputation for being more inclined to help with a natural birth, and others for being less inclined …

Thompson cites the “bait and switch,” where a doctor claims to support a woman’s birth choices up until the final weeks, when it’s too late to change doctors. Messer says she’s seen doctors who’ve initially said they’d support the hypnobirthing process but later changed their minds.

“All of a sudden it’s, ‘That’s not going to work. No, you can’t be on your hands and knees. That’s not safe, and this isn’t,’” Messer says. “And that’s at 40 weeks. So now, where can I switch?”

… Christine Stewart, a petite redhead and mother of twin girls born at Mary Birch in September 2009, says she experienced something similar with her doctor.

… “… we took a Bradley Method childbirth class,” Stewart says, “which is a 12-week class, pretty in-depth, and we decided we wanted to do natural, unmedicated labor.”

When she first mentioned this to her doctor, Stewart says the doctor told her to “keep an open mind” and not to “fixate on any particular way of labor and delivery.” At the time, Stewart thought the doctor didn’t want her to be disappointed if natural birth didn’t work out, but now she speculates that the doctor was always leaning toward a C-section.

At 36 weeks, the doctor suggested they induce her at 38 weeks. Stewart refused.

“From what I can tell,” she says, “it’s just common that it’s more manageable to have twins at 38 weeks because of size. Sometimes they’re concerned about size. But [my girls] were normal-sized.”

The doctor suggested 39 weeks, then 40. Finally, Stewart agreed to induce at 41 weeks if she hadn’t gone into labor by then. But it was unnecessary. At 40 weeks, three days short of her original due date, Stewart went into labor.

Stewart chose Mary Birch because it had everything she was looking for. Originally, she’d wanted to deliver at Best Start Birth Center in Hillcrest, but they don’t accept women who are pregnant with twins. Mary Birch, she says, seemed like the next best thing.

“It had the facilities, doctors on hand, and all these different classes — prenatal yoga — and since I was diagnosed high-risk because I had the twins and since I was over 35,” she says, “I just thought their whole entire focus is for women and newborns, so I’ll probably get the best care because they’ve got all the resources for that.”

Stewart had heard about other women going into the hospital prematurely and getting “strapped down” immediately. But in her natural childbirth class she’d learned that mobility helps with labor. So she and her husband didn’t go in right away.

Once they did arrive at the hospital, Stewart was four centimeters dilated. She gave the nursing staff her birth plan, which stated that she did not want any mention of pain medication.

“Thankfully, they did not offer medication. They were respectful of that … I was slowly dilating in a normal time frame. They were telling me that was normal …

… Christine Stewart believes that the main reason she ended up having a C-section was that her nurses had no training in natural childbirth.

“Ultimately, the outcome was because there was no one in the labor room who had the experience to help get the babies in position to be delivered,” she says.

By the time the doctor arrived, Stewart was fully dilated. She knew her babies were healthy, that they were both head down, in a good position, face forward. Her blood pressure was not elevated, she had no fever, and she’d been in labor for less than 24 hours. Everything was normal except that the babies were wedged in, each trying to get out first.

… At 2:00 a.m., the doctor came in and said, “It’s time to meet your girls.”

… I kind of resigned myself, like, ‘If this is what we have to do, this is what we have to do.’ I felt like crying because it just went against everything I had hoped for, everything I had planned and practiced for.”

“I think the hospital has some standard protocols, and I think that if you don’t follow their standard protocols, they just don’t know what to do with you,” she says. “And a C-section is manageable. They know exactly how to do it, and I think at 2:30 in the morning it’s, ‘We can manage this, and then we can all go home.’”

∗ ∗ ∗

Last March, when her first son was two and a half years old, Elizabeth Cooper-Schultz had her second child in the back bedroom of her UTC apartment, in the company of her husband, her midwife, two apprentice midwives, and a doula.

Today, Helen Dover is pregnant again. When I ask if she plans to give birth at Mary Birch, she and Henry simultaneously answer, “No.”

“What I’ve learned is that at Mary Birch, everybody’s going to try to get you to do the birth that they want you to do,” Dover explains.

For their next baby, the Dovers will stay with Sharp in order to take advantage of the tests, which would cost them thousands of dollars out-of-pocket. They will also register at Mary Birch so that they are prepared in the event of an emergency. But they have hired a midwife to help them birth at home.

“We’re going just to get what doctors are good for,” Henry says, “and then to use the midwives for what they’re good for.”….

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Care during Labour and Birth

A recent study from QLD has surveyed 20,371 women who recently gave birth. Experiences of pregnancy, labour, birth and after birth care were assessed for the most recent birth, retrospectively four to five months after birth. The findings were very interesting! The only issues with the data and study is that mothers self-reported their answers and there was no verification of the information, or cross-checking with the midwives and obstetricians who provided the care. In other words, it was based on women’s subjective experiences rather than what might perhaps be factual or accurate. That being said, I wanted to draw a few points out of the study and elaborate more on them. The other aspect to raise is that I am making an inference when I write about this study: the study compared women who were cared for in public facilities (public hospital delivery suites and birth centres: women who for the most part would have had public care providers) with women who gave birth in private facilities. Those women would, for the most part, have booked with a private obstetrician and given birth under their care. So from this, I am inferring that public care = care from public hospital staff where the woman does not choose her care provider; and private facility care = private obstetric care.

Care during Labour and Birth
Most women received labour and birth care from a midwife, and saw an average of 2.3 different midwives during their labour and birth. This is an interesting fact to consider, as many women believe they will have only one midwife in labour. The reality, in a hospital (public or private) is that midwives work in shifts, and there are three shifts in a day. Private midwifery and to a lesser degree, caseload models, do not work so much on shifts (although with many caseload models, the midwives are on-call for 12 hours at a time, so it is possible that you will go through two shifts of midwives even if you are only in the birthing facility for say 6 hours). Private midwives work their time around your labour, rather than the timing of a shift.

Half of all women who birthed in public facilities had never met any of their labour and birth care providers before, and this was significantly less common among women who birthed in private facilities because their obstetrician would be present for the birth, representing a familiar face. This is also an interesting point to raise: many women believe their obstetrician will be there with them during labour, or at least in the birth unit. This is not the case for the most part. For the most part, your obstetrician will be in the operating theatre, in his/her private consulting rooms or sleeping (eg if you’re labouring at night) and s/he comes in only if there is a problem and of course for the birth. Therefore, although there is continuity of sorts (the obstetrician you booked with will attend the birth), your actual care (which may be several hours) would be with midwives you have not met before, who all work in shifts. In contrast, private midwifery care is delivered by the midwife you booked with. Your private midwife would be there with you for the duration of your labour.

The majority of women in the study wanted to have a vaginal birth. Among women who wanted a vaginal birth, women who birthed in public facilities were more likely to have a vaginal birth than women who birthed in private facilities. This might be a reflection of the choices that women make, or of the recommendations of the woman’s care provider. For the purposes of the study, the private setting would have equated to private obstetric care because private midwives cannot admit directly to a private hospital. The possibility that obstetricians are influencing a caesarean rate of almost 50% in private hospitals in QLD was quite alarming, because many obstetricians would like us to believe that the caesareans that are performed are dome so because the women ask for them or because they are genuinely needed.

The truth is that with a study such as this, we will never really know. The women were surveyed 4-5 months after the birth of their baby, not before the birth. Before the birth, they may well have asked for a caesarean, but afterwards experienced too much bleeding, wound infection, pain, complications, separation from their baby and breastfeeding issues and come to regret their decision to pursue an elective caesarean. In this case, some women might have named their care provider as the one who recommended the caesarean, rather than admitting to themselves that they chose it. That is one view.

Personally, I do believe that some obstetricians have influenced the almost 50% caesarean rate. I believe this because every day I meet women who have birthed with, or are about to birth with, a private obstetrician. They tell me that they are scheduled for a caesarean, not because they have chosen this, but because it has been recommended to them. Sometimes the intention of the “recommendation” is to assist with “informed decision making”. This is where things get a bit muddied. The woman comes away believing the caesarean has been recommended, whereas the obstetrician interprets it as providing information to the woman so that she can then make an informed decision, and then reports that the caesarean was the woman’s choice. In any event, there are ways of wording things to illicit a response or decision that favours our bias. Some are more skilled at this than others.

For example, if I told you:

Caesareans have been shown in some studies to be safer for the baby, and given that your last labour was quite long and difficult, resulting in a painful forceps delivery with an episiotomy, you might like to consider a caesarean this time. Your baby would be spared the use of forceps, so he may well feed better than your last baby, because he won’t have a headache. You are also less likely to experience any pelvic floor issues. Most likely, given that you had an episiotomy last time, I might have to perform one again. I would try not to do this, but sometimes it is necessary. I know how painful the recovery was for you last time, so a caesarean might be preferable. Yes, you would still have stitches either way, but it’s far more comfortable having stitches on your tummy than your perineum.

Given this “information”, would you choose a caesarean? Possibly as this care provider has given some good arguments (some factual and others not so factual) for a caesarean, and has used emotive and persuasive language that plays on this woman’s traumatic last birth.

Now consider a different conversation:

Caesareans have been shown in some studies to be more harmful for the baby in terms of breathing difficulties and the need to admit the baby to the nursery. This would mean that you would be separated from your baby, and I know that after your last experience, you want nothing more than to hold your baby when he is born. Given that your last labour was quite long and difficult, resulting in a painful forceps delivery with an episiotomy, we can talk through some ideas to try that will minimise the risk of tearing. I believe that an intact perineum (no stitches) is absolutely possible for you. Also, there are many courses – such as Calmbirth – that will help you to manage the sensations of labour, along with labouring in a deep, warm bath. You know, I wouldn’t be surprised if you find you don’t even think of having an epidural this time! I know you’re worried that your baby might have a sore head and be a difficult feeder if forceps are needed, as this is what happened last time, but I’d like tor reassure you that forceps are really unlikely. Your body has birthed before and it will remember what to do this time. It would be very unusual that forceps would be needed again. This is a different pregnancy, different baby, different place of birth and different care provider. We can work together to make this experience very different – and very healing – from last time.

Given this “information”, would you choose to try a natural birth? Possibly as this care provider has given some good arguments for a natural birth, and has used emotive and persuasive language that plays on this woman’s traumatic last birth.

So, that is how it comes to be that women go with the recommendations of their care providers, and all the while, the care provider believes that it is the woman’s decision, while the woman believes it’s the care provider’s recommendation. If you’re now feeling very confused and like you don’t know who to trust anymore, my word of advice would be to interview a few midwives and obstetricians and ask lots of questions of them, and then go with the care provider that feels right for you. Also ensure that their statistics (birth outcomes) are aligned with the sort of birth you are trying to achieve. Once you have done this, trust your care provider and follow their advice if their advice makes sense to you and feels right. If it doesn’t, speak up and let them know.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Choosing the best care provider for your needs

Choosing the best practitioner for your needs is a very important and personal decision. Ultimately, there is no right or wrong choice: some women will choose a private obstetrician, others will choose a private midwife and others will choose public hospital care. Some women will make an initial choice of care provider and decide to change care providers during the pregnancy. Other women will make one choice in their first pregnancy and then a different choice in a subsequent pregnancy. What’s important is to have an accurate understanding all the options available so that you can feel confident to choose the best option for your needs. The best people to talk to are the people who actually provide the service, rather than a GP who is removed from the actual services of an obstetrician / midwife / public hospital. Get referred to a private obstetrician or two; interview them; reflect on how you feel after meeting them. Go and visit your local public hospital. Have a tour and speak with the midwives there. And interview a couple of eligible midwives. You do not need a GP referral to see an eligible midwife and you can claim their services through medicare. An eligible midwife is a private midwife who has met an additional registration standard that enables them to have a Medicare provider number.

When you are considering a care provider, it’s also necessary to consider where you would like to give birth and to ensure that your care provider can attend you in your chosen setting. You might choose to birth your baby in a public hospital as a public or private patient, in a private hospital as a private patient, in a birth centre or at home. It can be helpful when trying to make a decision to write down a list of questions you may have and also consider what is important to you as you make your choices. For example:

What do I want from my care?
What type of practitioner would I feel most comfortable with?
What do I need from my practitioner to feel comfortable and safe?
Do I want public or private care?
Is continuity of care important to me?

These are questions only you can answer. Other questions are for your care providers to answer with you, and it’s a good idea to interview a few care providers – midwives and obstetricians – before making a choice. Midwives and obstetricians will charge a fee for interviews and you are able to claim this through Medicare (your midwife will need to be eligible in order for you to claim a Medicare benefit). It is important during the interview that you ask all the questions that are on your mind, and to be aware of how you feel throughout the interview. Your care provider should inspire you with confidence, help you to feel at ease and comfortable, and the appointment should feel unhurried.

Likewise, your care provider may like to “interview” you, and this is so that your care provider can be sure that s/he can meet your needs. Maternity care is provided in a partnership and so it’s important that both parties feel really comfortable with the other.

There are many questions you might wish to ask your care provider; the best suggestion is to consider what is important to you and write a list of questions.

Visit my website to learn more about my services.

Medicare-funded midwifery care: What you need to know

I am an eligible midwife. This means that my private patients can claim some of the cost of private midwifery care, much the same way we do when we see a GP. As well as Medicare benefits, some private health funds will provide benefits for childbirth education with a midwife, and costs may also be claimed through tax as a medical expense (more on that one from your Accountant). Medicare benefits and tax benefits combined are between $2,500 and $3,300. This means that care with an eligible midwife will be up to $3,300 cheaper than care with a non-eligible private midwife.

What is a Medicare-Eligible Midwife?

In order to claim Medicare benefits from care with your midwife, you will need to ensure that your midwife is eligible. An eligible midwife meets certain advanced requirements of a registration standard:

  • Current general registration as a midwife in Australia with no restrictions on practice;
  • Midwifery experience that constitutes the equivalent of 3 years full time post initial registration as a midwife;
  • Current competence to provide pregnancy, labour, birth and postnatal care to women and babies;
  • Successful completion of an approved professional practice review program for midwives working across the continuum of midwifery care;
  • 40 hours per year of continuing professional development relating to the continuum of midwifery care (20 hours in addition to standard requirements);
  • Pregnancy care:

    45-60 minute consultations in your home or in my clinic

  • Childbirth education
  • Continuity of carer
  • Medicare benefits
  • Obstetric back-up
  • Birth in hospital – or at home

    Continue your care with the same midwife you know and trust, with specialist obstetric back-up readily available

    Postnatal care

  • Consultations in your home and / or my rooms
  • Medicare benefits
  • Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    I’m pregnant and I have private health insurance. What are my options?

    Great question! There are a few options available to you as a private patient, as well as all of the options that are available to public patients. The private options are either a private midwife, or a private obstetrician.

    Private midwife
    To receive care from a private midwife and obtain Medicare benefits, your midwife will need to be an “eligible midwife” (meet an additional registration standard) and work with an obstetrician or a doctor who provides obstetric services. Some private midwives are able to provide labour and birth care in hospital settings, while others are only able to provide labour and birth care at home. All private midwives can provide pregnancy and postnatal care. Hospital options may include private or public hospitals; it’s best to ask your midwife which hospitals she attends births at. Eligible midwives provide complete continuity of care: the midwife you book with will be the same midwife who provides all of your pregnancy, birth and postnatal care.

    Private obstetrician
    Private obstetricians provide pregnancy, birth and postnatal care, although birth care would also be provided by hospital midwives who may be unknown to you until birth. Private obstetricians deliver babies at public and private hospitals. Continuity is provided during the pregnancy, but birth care is mostly provided by hospital midwives. Postnatal care is almost always provided by hospital midwives, with your obstetrician visiting you each day in hospital and at 6 weeks.

    Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    Delivering better maternity care

    Link

    Despite countless inquiries, initiatives and ministerial pledges … maternity care remains one of the NHS’s problem areas …

    In recent weeks there have been two significant pieces of evidence published that will help shape practice affecting the UK’s 800,000 births a year. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) produced new guidelines for the NHS in England and Wales on the circumstances in which mothers-to-be should be able to have a Caesarean-section delivery.

    Meanwhile the landmark Birthplace study … sought to clarify the relative risks of having a baby at home, in hospital or in a birth centre run by midwives; the study found all settings carried a low level of risk. Both documents aim to advise maternity teams on how to give mothers and their babies the best possible experience.

    … It is no wonder maternity services are under pressure … England has had a 22% increase in births over the past decade …

    But the maternity workforce is not just short of midwives, the roundtable heard. Of those 800,000 annual births, 94% of them take place in hospitals where doctors are present along with midwives; the others, at home (2%) and in birth centres (4%), have midwives solely in charge. But the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) believes the 2,186 senior doctors working as consultants in that area of medicine is too few. It wants the NHS to boost numbers to 3,000-3,300.

    Mothers-to-be would benefit because every hospital maternity unit would have a consultant on hand 24/7 and less experienced doctors would no longer be in charge overnight and at weekends …

    … “the current system of maternity care is unsustainable. You have to reconfigure”. The participant meant that some maternity units should be closed – merged, in effect – so fewer, larger childbirth centres could offer mothers a better service, partly thanks to more specialist staff handling a greater number of deliveries concentrated in the same place.

    It makes little sense for large urban areas to have separate maternity units just a few miles apart, a view confirmed for the speaker by seeing that sort of setup on a recent visit to Leeds and nearby towns.

    Many health professionals support the concept of reorganisation. And the reconfiguration of neonatal care services in 2003, which led to fewer units dealing with sick babies but offering enhanced care, is a potential model to follow, another participant added. But there is a major obstacle to overcome first: … To close your core maternity service is a death trap as an MP. So that will not happen,” …

    … simply creating fewer, but larger, hospital units is not the answer and there needs to be more midwife-led birth centres, either standalone units or situated beside hospitals, in case a mother needs urgent medical attention …

    There was also a strong consensus that the huge proportion of births occurring in hospitals, 94%, is too high. While there was support for moving towards an equal split – 33% at home, 33% in birth centres and 33% in hospital – there was also a recognition that politics, entrenched attitudes and the tightest NHS budget in a generation means that will probably remain just an aspiration for the foreseeable future.

    … In 2007, Maternity Matters promised women in England a choice of birth place, but the reality is that many still do not get that. One participant working on the NHS frontline said pressure on maternity services was so great in some places that midwives who usually help women to have home births are having to work, instead, on labour wards, thus depriving those seeking a home birth of that supposedly guaranteed right.

    Similarly, surveys by the Healthcare Commission and its successor as the NHS regulator for England, the Care Quality Commission, have shown the promise to women of one-to-one care from a midwife during their labour is also not honoured for as many as a quarter of mothers-to-be, who are left alone and find it stressful …

    Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    Couple threaten legal action to ensure homebirth service; hospital engages private midwives for homebirth service

    Link

    Bosses at Whipps Cross University Hospital have decided to reinstate its home births service after a couple threatened legal action.

    The cash-strapped hospital in Leytonstone announced earlier this month that it would be impossible to provide midwives to households from December 18 for up to six weeks due to staff shortages.

    But now … extra funding has been made available to pay for an independent midwife service for those who were hit by the sudden suspension.

    Adam and Michelle Boult … were planning to have a home birth in January and were so outraged by the hospital’s plan to stop the service they called in a barrister, who argued the hospital had a legal responsibility to support them.

    Mr Boult, a 32-year-old journalist, said: “While they would probably deny it, to get them to agree to this has taken an extraordinary amount of pressure.

    “We were lucky enough to have a very helpful barrister and solicitor who have pushed for the Trust to reconsider its stance, culminating in Whipps Cross receiving a pre-action letter suggesting a judicial review”.

    … In a joint statement, Whipps Cross and ONEL said: “[We] are committed to offering all women in the local area the best possible choice of how and where they give birth.

    “We have been working together to find a way to offer a home birth service during the next four weeks. Safety is our priority, and we did have some concerns about staffing levels over this period.

    “However, by working together, the hospital and NHS ONEL are now able to bring in independent midwives for this limited period, until the hospital’s Home Birth Service team is in place.

    “This means those women who asked for a home birth in the next four weeks can have one. We have always been committed to developing the Home Birth Service and to ensuring we provide high quality, safe and consistent services to all women.”

    Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    Myths and Truths of Obesity and Pregnancy

    Link

    Ironically, despite excessive caloric intake, many obese women are deficient in vitamins vital to a healthy pregnancy …

    … Many obese women are vitamin deficient …

    Forty percent are deficient in iron, 24 percent in folic acid and 4 percent in B12. This is a concern because certain vitamins, like folic acid, are very important before conception, lowering the risk of cardiac problems and spinal defects in newborns. Other vitamins, such as calcium and iron, are needed throughout pregnancy to help babies grow.

    … vitamin deficiency has to do with the quality of the diet, not the quantity. Obese women tend to stray away from fortified cereals, fruits and vegetables, and eat more processed foods that are high in calories but low in nutritional value.

    “Just like everybody else, women considering pregnancy or currently pregnant should get a healthy mix of fruits and vegetables, lean proteins and good quality carbohydrates. Unfortunately, these are not the foods people lean towards when they overeat,” noted Thornburg. “Women also need to be sure they are taking vitamins containing folic acid before and during pregnancy.”

    … In 2009, the Institute of Medicine revised its recommendations for gestational weight gain for obese women from “at least 15 pounds” to “11-20 pounds.” According to past research, obese women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy have a very high risk of complications, including indicated preterm birth, cesarean delivery, failed labor induction, large-for-gestational-age infants and infants with low blood sugar.

    If a woman starts her pregnancy overweight or obese, not gaining a lot of weight can actually improve the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy …

    … Obese women have increased rates of respiratory complications, and up to 30 percent experience an exacerbation of their asthma during pregnancy, a risk almost one-and-a-half times more than non-obese women.

    … Breastfeeding rates are poor among obese women, with only 80 percent initiating and less than 50 percent continuing beyond six months, even though it is associated with less postpartum weight retention and should be encouraged as it benefits the health of mom and baby.

    … it can be challenging for obese women to breast feed. It often takes longer for their milk to come in and they can have lower production …

    Preconception care and a healthy eating and exercise program before pregnancy, that is maintained during pregnancy, can be helpful.

    Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    I’m pregnant! What are my next steps?

    If you have just found out you are pregnant, congratulations! You might be feeling a range of emotions: excited, fearful, overwhelmed, happy, anxious … this is all very normal! Many women who contact me feel unsure about what to do next and are anxious to know all their options before making a choice, so I have put together a few tips to make you feel a little more confident.

    Although many women see their GP as their first port of call when they are pregnant, it’s handy to know that women may also see an eligible midwife who can order all the necessary pregnancy tests and any scans that are needed. An eligible midwife can also talk with you about the available options for your pregnancy and birth care, in a relaxed and unhurried setting. An eligible midwife can help you determine your due date and arrange any referrals that you may need. She can book you into a hospital, refer you to an obstetrician if needed, and also provide full pregnancy, birth and postnatal care.

    Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    How do Midwives Work?

    It’s a common question I am asked! When people ask me what I do, I tell them I am a midwife. The next question is usually, “Oh, so you’re a nurse?”. “Not quite”, I reply, “a midwife – I care for women though pregnancy and birth and with their new baby.” Then they really look puzzled. “That’s not what an obstetrician does?” “An obstetrician is a doctor who specialises in caring for women with complicated pregnancies and births. A midwife specialises in caring for women who are having healthy pregnancies and births.” By that stage they’re well and truly confused and I start to wonder what we need to do to promote midwifery as a care option for all women.

    The term midwife means ‘with woman’. Midwives work in partnership with women through pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. Midwives can provide care to women from the time that the woman discovers she is pregnant, right up until her baby is 6 weeks old. In fact, women who experience a normal, healthy pregnancy and birth may not see a doctor at all! Eligible midwives are able to order all the necessary tests and scans during pregnancy and may refer directly to an obstetrician if their services are necessary.

    Midwives provide education, support, advice and information, as well as doing all the routine checks of mother and baby.

    Midwives advocate measures throughout pregnancy and birth that promote normal birth: that is a birth without interventions. Midwives and are experienced in such things as water birth, active birth, and so on.

    Midwives are also specially educated to know if anything is out of the ordinary, and they can get help from obstetricians. In pregnancy, midwives see women at intervals so that any issues that may present can be dealt with before they cause any major issues.

    Women who are cared for by one midwife from pregnancy through to birth have better outcomes in terms of safety, lower rates of intervention and satisfaction with their experience. Midwives too prefer to work in this way, getting to know each family individually.

    Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    Midwives Use Rituals To Send Message That Women’s Bodies Know Best

    Link

    In reaction to what midwives view as the overly medicalized way hospitals deliver babies, they have created birthing rituals to send the message that women’s bodies know best.

    The midwife experience uses these rituals to send the message that home birth is about female empowerment, strengthening relationships between family and friends, and facilitating participatory experiences that put mothers in control, with the ultimate goal of safe and healthy deliveries less focused on technological intervention.

    These are some of the findings from an Oregon State University researcher and licensed midwife who witnessed more than 400 home births in order to document an extensive list of practices utilized by midwives to express the symbolic difference between home and hospital births.

    … “We know, for instance, that midwives have better health outcomes in some areas, such as reduced rates of surgical delivery and labor induction, than hospitals. But I wanted to examine how ritual might play a part in producing these positive health outcomes.”

    … evidence shows that hospital births result in about triple the rate of cesarean section for low-risk women compared to midwife-attended home births …

    What she found was a network of common practices, messages and beliefs that resulted in midwives constructing woman-centered rituals around pregnancy and birth that were set up in opposition to what they believe are the overly medicalized practices of hospitals.

    For instance … midwives conducted many of the same diagnostic procedures as a physician would prenatally, from blood pressure and weight checks to blood testing and fetal heart tone evaluation …

    … “Many midwives also downplayed the centrality of monitoring and resuscitation equipment setting them off to the side, or placing them under baby blankets during labor so women would not be reminded of the technology in the room. Mothers and babies were still monitored closely, but the monitoring was not made the central focus.”

    The differences aren’t so much in practice … but in performance.

    Cheyney also documented the use of common phrases to create birthing mantras. She lists phrases such as “don’t fight it,” “let your body do it,” “open,” and “let it be strong,” as key components … Many mothers … reported feeling strong and capable during their labors, and women who compared their hospital birth to their home birth reported feeling like they were “doing something, rather than just lying there passively waiting.” Midwives also commonly expressed the statement that they were simply “guardians,” and that women have all the tools inside of them to birth their own babies.

    … It is Cheyney’s belief that both of these sets of rituals have caused a wide chasm between … hospital births and the 1 percent who choose home births.

    “Just as women and their doctors who deliver in the hospital often feel convinced that their birth was the only safe and ‘correct’ way, women and midwives who deliver at home feel strongly that they have the solution,” … “They believe it with every cell in their body because they have lived it.”…

    There is definitely something special and unique about homebirth that cannot be summarised in words alone.

    Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    Unneeded cesareans are risky and expensive

    Link

    Cesarean deliveries are over-used … and reducing the number of surgical births would save health-care dollars and protect women’s health. Those are the conclusions of a new white paper issued today by the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative.

    … in the last 15 years, the rate of surgical birth has increased from 22 to 32 percent of California deliveries with no measurable benefits for new mothers or their babies.

    This is a concern because cesareans aren’t risk-free. After surgical delivery, women experience more pain, infection and hemorrhage than women who give birth vaginally. Women who have had a prior cesarean also have more problems with subsequent pregnancies. The placenta can become deeply implanted in scar tissue from the old incision, causing hemorrhage at the second delivery …

    The white paper, which was funded by the California HealthCare Foundation, uncovered striking evidence for over-use of cesarean: Among low-risk women having their first baby, the rate of the surgery varies from nine percent to 51 percent of births based on the mother’s geographic location within California. As a press release about the paper says:

    This large variation among California regions and hospitals cannot be explained by medical factors alone and therefore suggests that labor management practices and local attitudes help drive the use of cesareans during labor.

    Reasons for the increase also include: physicians’ concerns about medical liability and avoidance of risk, as well as specific labor practices such as the increased reliance on labor induction, early labor admission, lack of patience in labor, and the virtual disappearance of vaginal birth after a prior cesarean …

    “Over the last 15 years, cesarean deliveries have become so common that in some hospitals and communities they are considered ‘normal births’ despite the increased risks,” …

    The white paper makes several recommendations for how to reduce unnecessary cesareans, including removing perverse financial incentives … encouraging VBACs … improving public education about the risks of cesarean delivery, and implementing statewide quality-improvement activities for better labor practices.

    Unfortunately, there is no mention of the role of the midwife in preventing the first caesarean, or in helping a VBAC woman have a successful VBAC.

    Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    Hospital births for healthy women? What does the research say?

    The recent Birthplace Study was the first of its kind to compare outcomes for low-risk, healthy women who gave birth in midwife-led units (both alongside and freestanding), obstetric units and at home. My previous blog post described the findings for first-time Mums birthing at home, but what did the findings say about hospital birth?

    The study is extremely positive and shows that birth is generally very safe for mothers and babies who are low risk and healthy. In fact, the chance of something going very wrong for the baby was so low that the researchers had to combine mortality and morbidity to get any meaningful data. There were so few deaths in the study (38 out of nearly 65,000 births) that they had to combine a host of adverse outcomes in order to come up with any statistically significant results. Therefore the “primary outcome” included baby deaths and serious morbidity (injury / illness) to the baby. Overall, a low risk woman had a 4.3/1,000 risk of having a “primary outcome” (that is, death or serious injury to the baby). For women birthing in hospital, the figure was 4.4/1,000 and was actually lower for babies born at home and in midwifery-led units. Imagine that: the risk to the baby overall was highest in hospital!

    Breaking this down further, if we look at first-time Mums separately to second and subsequent time Mums, the figures look different. First time Mums had a 5.3/1,000 chance of a “primary outcome” overall. This rose to 9.3/1,000 for women who planned to birth at home, and fell to 4.5 for women birthing in a midwifery-led unit. It was 5.3/1,000 for first-time mums who birthed in hospital. Again, we see that hospital birth confers some increased risk for first time Mums.

    Now looking at women birthing for the second (or subsequent) time, we find that the overall risk of a “primary outcome” was very low: 3.1/1,000. This was higher in an obstetric (hospital) unit at 3.3/1,000, lower in a midwifery-led unit (2.7/1,000) and lowest for women birthing at home (2.3/1,000). So once again, the study is showing that hospital is not the safest place to birth a baby if you are a low-risk, healthy women.

    If you are having your first baby and are low-risk, the safest place to birth is in a midwifery unit, and if you have birthed before and are low-risk, the safest place to birth is at home.

    Of course, midwifery units have limited capabilities to provide higher levels of care, and as labour and birth are unpredictable, there needs to be robust transfer arrangements in place. Some 10-45% of women transfer in birth. This figure is lowest for women who have birthed before, and highest in first-time Mums. As well as robust transfer arrangements, women – particularly first-time Mums – need to be aware of the chance of transfer and to be comfortable with this possibility. This is best accommodated if the woman can transfer in with her own midwife.

    What were the intervention rates like?

    Not surprisingly, intervention rates were highest in women who planned a hospital birth. 93% women who planned a homebirth had a normal birth, versus only 74% women in the hospital. 11% had a caesarean in the obstetric (hospital) unit, versus a mere 2.8% in women who planned a home birth. 24% women had their labours sped up with a syntocinon drip in the planned hospital birth group, versus only 5% in the women who planned a homebirth. 31% women had an epidural in the planned hospital birth group, versus 8% at home. And of course, episiotomy rates were lowest at home.

    It is clear that being in hospital greatly increases risks for all low risk mothers compared to being at home or in a midwife led unit (either alongside or freestanding).

    It is clear that low-risk women have much to gain by planning a birth with midwives in a birth centre or some other form of midwifery-led care. Planned homebirth does increase the risks to the babies of first-time Mums, with an increase in adverse outcomes for babies from about 0.5% to just under 1%. But what is it about planning a homebirth that increases the risk to the baby? The study used intention to treat analysis, so we are not able to know how many of those adverse outcomes occurred in those who transferred to hospital after a planned homebirth, versus those that happened in the births that actually occurred at home. We do know that the outcomes of homebirth transfers are generally worse than those who had been planned to occur in hospital, and first-time Mums are more likely to transfer. We also know that birth is generally riskier for a first-time Mum than a woman who has birthed before.

    Regardless, the study is extremely positive in supporting the role of primary midwifery care and the excellent outcomes that low-risk women can achieve when they choose a midwife as their care provider. Imagine the benefits as well for high-risk women who receive midwifery care with appropriate and timely obstetric care.

    Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    Expecting mothers prefer midwife-led labour

    Link

    Most women should be offered midwife-led care that uses fewer interventions and is just as safe as the consultant-led model, a major study recommends.

    The study, commissioned by the Health Service Executive and conducted by the School of Nursing and Midwifery at Trinity College Dublin, found most women prefer midwife-led units.

    It also discovered the number of babies requiring resuscitation at birth or admission to the special care baby unit was the same for both groups of women.

    Almost six in 10 women in the consultant-led units (57%) had their labours speeded up by either having their waters broken or having oxytocin given intravenously by a drip, compared to only four in 10 women in the midwife-led units.

    The study involved 1,653 women who had babies in the HSE Dublin North-East region from 2004 to 2007 and compared the consultant-led maternity care with a new model of care provided in two integrated midwifery-led units in Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Drogheda and Cavan General Hospital.

    The two midwife-led units, which have hotel-like private rooms with birthing pools, were opened in response to recommendations made in the Minder Report in 2001 to provide more choice in maternity care in the north-east.

    … fewer women in the midwifery-led unit group chose pain-relieving epidurals in labour.

    Despite having fewer epidurals, 83% of women in the midwife-led units were satisfied with their pain relief compared with 68% of women in the consultant-led unit.

    “When women are supported by one-to-one midwifery care, are encouraged to labour gently at their own pace and have the pain-relieving benefits of relaxing in warm water, they are far better able to tolerate pain and labour more effectively,” …

    The study found that 85% of women attending the midwife-led unit would recommend the care they had received to a friend, compared to 70% having the usual care.

    Although facilities in the midwifery-led units were quite luxurious, the cost of care for each women was €332.80 less than in the usual hospital system.

    A recent KPMG report on maternity care in the greater Dublin region also recommended the introduction of midwifery-led units throughout the country.

    These results have been found in other studies, particularly the claim around pain relief. It is interesting that epidurals don’t equate with a more positive birth experience; rather, a woman who feels well-prepared and who is supported with one-to-one midwifery care in a drug-free birth, will rate her birth as being highly satisfying.

    Visit my website to explore birthing services.

    Midwifery as a self-regulating profession?

    There is some debate about private midwifery, in particular the desirability – or even the need for – insurance and regulation. It is an interesting debate to follow. One side argues for no Medicare funding – we never had it anyway, no insurance – we haven’t had that for a few years, and no regulation. I would ask – if there was no regulation – are we indeed a profession? Does it matter?

    A friend sent me an article recently that has fascinated me: “Why is UK medicine no longer a self-regulating profession? The role of scandals involving “bad apple” doctors.”

    It was a very interesting article to read. The article identifies the role played by a series of medical scandals in the UK that basically ended the model of self-regulation of the medical profession that had been in place for 150 years. The original motive for professional self-regulation was “to resolve the principal-agent problem inherent in the doctor-patient relationship. The profession, in return for its self-regulating privileges, undertook to act as a reliable guarantor for the competence and conduct of each of its members”.

    This is perhaps what is lacking in midwifery, and perhaps why we are seeing a huge amount of regulation at the moment. Midwifery has never really had a process of self-regulation. Midwives have not held each other to account for preventable outcomes. The collegial model adopted by the medical profession “left it fatally vulnerable to the problem of “bad apples”: those unwilling, incapable or indifferent to delivering on their professional commitments and who betrayed the trust of both patients and peers”. I wonder if this is what we are seeing in midwifery?

    In the UK, it was the convergence of social and political conditions and public anger and shifts in social attitudes that presented an opportunity for imposing standards for accountability. Private midwifery has, until recently, been untouched. I remember leaving hospital employment to move to private practice and being amazed by the lack of processes, accountability, systems, structure … hospitals are full of these things but they were lacking in private practice. If I did these things, it was up to me. If not, it was no problem. I set up many processes and systems and dedicated a lot of resources to ensure that these were robust, practical and worthwhile. I have found he process of eligibility and meeting the requirements of the Quality and Safety Framework to be relatively ok because I already had much of this in place.

    However, to those who argue against the need for increased accountability, insurance, regulation – professionalism – that is thrust upon us, I would venture to say that those attitudes are the precise reason why we have been thrust into the position of such intense regulation and accountability. If we did not have these, would we be members of the profession that is midwifery? For those who could care less about professionalism, I would ask why they completed their degree and applied for registration. Anyone can be with a woman in pregnancy and birth, but the title and practice of midwifery is one that we should hold dear and be proud of: it is one that is made stronger by regulation and accountability and one that gives the public an assurance of a certain standard of care.

    Visit my website to learn more about my services.

    Doctors claim homebirth risks ignored

    Link

    WA doctors have attacked a new policy for State Government-funded homebirths, saying it sidesteps serious concerns about the increased risk of newborn deaths.

    The draft document says women have a right to choose a home delivery at taxpayers’ expense provided they are at low risk of complications and give their consent.

    But women with risk factors such as a previous caesarean, obesity or a history of blood loss in childbirth should be excluded from publicly funded homebirths.

    … Australian Medical Association WA said the policy fudged serious concerns raised by former members of the committee, who found the risk of death in babies born at home was almost four times higher and called for funded homebirth to be banned.

    “Not only is the taxpayer entitled to think public monies are going to things that are evidence-based, if the evidence suggests it’s more dangerous they should have even greater concerns.” …

    The WA homebirth policy is a very considered and thorough document that supports low-risk homebirth for women who are attended by experienced midwives with a back-up hospital booking and obstetric consultation. Unfortunately the doctors quoted in the above article seem to have mixed their research. Studies clearly demonstrate that low-risk homebirth is at least as safe as hospital birth, and with fewer interventions for mothers in labour. It is high risk homebirth that is associated with excess perinatal mortality and this is not supported under the WA policy, or any other publicly-funded homebirth programs.

    Visit my website to explore birthing services.

    Turbulent times

    A lot has been happening in the world of homebirth and midwifery. Many will have read the articles about homebirth, freebirth, midwives and maternity care that are appearing in our papers on a daily basis.

    I have not posted for a couple of weeks now, for three main reasons: one I have been really busy with my practice which has not been this busy for about two years. Second, I attended the Australian College of Midwives National Conference – the ACM worked really hard to deliver an excellent conference that was appreciated by all. I had the fantastic opportunity to meet midwives from around Australia and share ideas, discuss practice and talk birthy things. I was pleased that the conference was in Sydney, because as those of you who know me will know, in my non-midwifery life I rescue and care for injured and orphaned native birds, and so I was able to make a trip home most days of the conference to feed everyone at home. They were hungry but they all survived! I digress. The third reason for not posting was that the recent issues have made me re-assess things like responsibility, accountability, safety, choice, control, autonomy, beneficence, informed decision-making and many other issues. I have no answers to report. Just lots of reflection.

    Midwifery and maternity care are going through turbulent times and as professionals and organisations, I feel that we have done a major disservice to women that they feel safer birthing at home – with or without a registered midwife – in the presence of risk factors – because they so strongly believe that the hospital system will not enable them to birth in the manner of their choosing. It is a sad reflection on the health system and the professionals who work within it. Women who cannot access midwifery care because they are planning a VBAC. Women who are told that if they insist on birthing vaginally with twins, they must accept continuous monitoring, induction, epidural and birth in stirrups for twin two. Women whose only option is to birth in a hospital that is two hours from their home. We have all heard the stories.

    My biggest disappointment is the lack of midwife admitting rights. We are one year into the maternity reforms on November 1 this year. We have eligible midwives with Medicare provider numbers, ordering tests and working with doctors to provide safe care to women and babies – yet we cannot access hospitals to provide this care. I well understand that there are a lot of hurdles to be overcome with midwife admitting rights, and life has taught me that nothing in life is impossible.

    The release of the homebirth position statement – which I fully support as an evidence-based and safe way to provide care – combined with the lack of midwife admitting rights, is disastrous for women and midwives. Higher risk women are forced into a position of birthing in hospital without their midwife if the midwife complies with the position statement but has no admitting rights – otr else freebirthing, potentially with disastrous consequences. Overnight, this change occurred and women are fuming.

    It is impossible to believe, but an eligible midwife who crosses all the “T”s and dots all the “I”s will suffer incredibly in terms of restriction of clientele, however if she were to remove her name from the register – something that I understand is very easy to do – she may do just as she pleases with no accountability, regulation or practice standards. Midwives are placed in the untenable situation of a dwindling practice, or unregistering and having a flourishing practice. Until admitting rights are in place, midwives will have no place to birth with their higher-risk clients. This situation does not see the Government supporting midwives or women. It is creating a disaster.

    The various politics of homebirth and midwifery has created an enormous rift between midwives. It seems that there are the bunch who have elected to become eligible, forge ahead with collaborative arrangements, push for admitting rights and accept the increased regulation that is upon us as our profession matures. The other group opposes the increased regulation and restriction of choice, supports midwife- (or non-midwife)-attended homebirth for any woman who wants it and really wants things to just go back to how they used to be, before insurance became mandatory. Many midwives sit comfortable in the middle of this debate. It is sad to watch such division and animosity amongst midwives. We seem to lack a capacity of saying, “We don’t share each other’s vision and we have made different choices, but we are midwives and we will support each other”. As one midwife said to me, “We are each doing the best we can for the women we care for and we’re making the best of a rotten situation”.

    I know 2012 will be better than 2011. Who knows? Maybe it’ll be an historic year where for the very first time, women will birth on their own terms, with their chosen midwife, at home or in hospital. I wonder how many women will insist on homebirth in spite of significant risks, if they are able to birth in hospital with their own midwife and in the manner of their choosing.

    Visit my website to explore birthing services.

    Natural birth in hospital?

    Here are some ideas to birth naturally in hospital:

    Read, read, read. Books, websites, any written info from your care provider … read it all. You also need to know the difference between facts presented to you in an honest and unbiased way, and facts that are being filtered through hospital policy. This is where women benefit from having a private midwife by their side.

    For example, “Some risks rise slightly when a woman has high blood pressure. I am uncomfortable with letting your pregnancy continue with high blood pressure because of the risks to the baby and to you if something happens” is an honest and factual statement. You have the right to accept the risks and refuse induction. However, some women hear “I’m going to induce you today because if we don’t do this now, there is a good chance your baby will not make it”. This statement is dishonest, using a woman’s fears and her maternal instinct to encourage her to accept intervention. There is also no discussion of alternative options. Informed consent requires that women are presented with options so that they can make the best decision for them, in their situation.

    Be assertive As with most human relationships, a great deal can be resolved with a calm, respectful and firm manner. Know what you want and why you want it. Engage a private midwife to assist you with obtaining relevant and impartial information.

    Listen. If you are choosing to use a hospital and an obstetrician for your birth, then you acknowledge that their presence, education and experience have some value. Your wishes are important but be willing to listen even when what’s being said is really not what you want to hear. You must also acknowledge that an obstetrician is trained in all things that go wrong, and they are on the look-out for any sign of things going wrong. Midwives, on the other hand, will promote normalcy and assist your pregnancy and birth to remain normal. These differing philosophies do result in big differences in intervention rates.

    Be Flexible. Understand that sometimes things don’t go the way we had planned. There might be some occasions where you’ll be happy to accommodate the hospital policy, and other times when you’ll want to stand your ground.

    Ultimately, it is true that the most important aspect of birth is safety and a healthy mother and baby. But that doesn’t mean the other aspects are unimportant, and I firmly believe you can have a great birth – and a safe birth – in any location.

    Visit my website to explore birthing services.

    Choosing Your Midwife

    Midwives are qualified and educated to care for women throughout normal pregnancy, birth and the postnatal / newborn period. Midwives are also known as the experts in natural birth, attending water births, home births and hospital births. Finding the best midwife for your needs can be a challenging task, but it’s one of the most important decisions a family will make when they decide to work with a midwife. The midwife’s knowledge, skill and experience are key to a safe and satisfying pregnancy and birth experience.

    When engaging the services of a private midwife, most people will make contact by phone call or email, and then arrange for an initial consultation. At the consultation, the midwife and family interview each other to explore whether the relationship feels right for them and meets their needs. Midwives will ask about the woman’s health history, her care needs, her previous birth experiences, her attitudes and beliefs about birth and her expectations of her midwife.

    What sorts of questions can women ask their midwife? Well, there are lots of questions you could ask and I’ve included some below.

    Be sure to ask about qualifications and experience, including whether your midwife is an eligible midwife. You are able to claim medicare benefits if your eligible midwife has a collaborative arrangement and is able to access obstetric care for you if it becomes necessary. If you are told, “I have three years of experience” ask where that experience was obtained – in a hospital? Private practice? If in private practice, how many births does she attend a year? 2? 20? Generally for private practice, the more experience that is gained, the better: when a midwife works in private practice, she works alone and needs a good level of skill, experience and judgment to practice safely. Experience is always the best teacher.

    Ask your midwife about her relationships with hospitals and doctors. This will provide insight into your midwife’s ability to negotiate and communicate.

    Many women ask for references but this can be tricky as they would come from former clients of your midwife. This of course brings up issues of confidentiality, and it is against the Public Health Act for midwives to place testimonials on their websites. You can ask your midwife if she has any former clients who would be prepared to speak with you, but be mindful of confidentiality processes and women’s rights to privacy. What your midwife can do, is to provide a summary of the feedback that she has received from her clients. This will tell you that your midwife is engaged in quality assurance processes and would also provide a way of reading feedback from previous clients.

    Ask your midwife what her service includes and does not include. Also ask about fees, back-up arrangements and obstetric back-up arrangements.

    Are there any questions families should not ask their midwife? Generally, interviews with midwives can be approached as a job interview. Questions that are appropriate in a job interview would be fine to ask your prospective midwife. Questions regarding religion, marital status, age, previous birth experiences, previous terminations and other personal questions ought not be asked.

    Finally, it’s really important that you feel comfortable with your midwife and that you feel that you trust her. Reliability is important, as is trust, respect and honesty.

    Melissa Maimann, Essential Birth Consulting 0400 418 448

    Charging women for non-medical caesareans?

    Link

    The health minister has said that women in Northern Ireland who choose to have a Caesarean for non-medical reasons may have to pay for the operation.

    Edwin Poots is launching a consultation on a review of maternity services.

    Women at low risk will be encouraged to consider having their baby in a midwife-led unit or at home, if appropriate.

    Around 30% of deliveries are by Caesarean section – the highest level in the UK and Ireland.

    … giving birth was a natural process and superb assistance was available to help women through the delivery.

    “It costs several thousand pounds more for a Caesarean section so there are savings to be made,” …

    “… what we want to encourage, is more people to give birth naturally because it has better outcomes for the mother and the baby.

    … “We want to ensure that people take the natural choice where they can and to have that back up where they need Caesarean section to take place.”

    … At present, women who elect to go private to have a Caesarean on non-medical grounds pay for their pre and post-natal care.

    But the cost of the delivery is met by the health service.

    … women will be encouraged to have their baby in a midwife led unit

    “If you want to go down that route, if you want to pay for it, it is totally up to yourself, but I don’t feel that we the public in Northern Ireland should be paying additional money for people to have the choice.”

    The minister said he expected to see a “considerable” number of midwifery units being established.

    “A lot of them would be set up in association with the main maternity unit, so they would be on the same site as existing hospitals,” …

    “Women would be giving birth totally with the midwives but there would be a fallback position of having an obstetrician nearby if things do not work out.”

    Breedagh Hughes from the Royal College of Midwives said the focus was on trying to “normalise” child birth.

    … “One of the things we hope will come out in the review will be asking trusts to look at … the reasons for the Caesarean sections and to focus on trying to prevent women from having that first Caesarean section, which very often leads to the old adage – ‘once a section always a section’.”

    She said a “fear” of child birth stopped many women from choosing a natural birth.

    “When one in every three women gives birth by Caesarean section, you lose that critical mass of people who know what it is like to give birth normally, and women are losing confidence in their own body’s ability to give birth,” she said.

    Ms Hughes also welcomed proposals to shift the focus to midwife led care.

    “I think if women are given the opportunity to get to know and trust their midwife and to trust their own bodies, we’re more likely to see women saying, ‘OK, this is what nature intended me for and this is what I’m going to do’,” …

    Visit my website to explore birthing services

    Private midwife at public hospital

    Our local newspaper wrote an article about the model of care I am able to offer women:

    THE owner of Essential Birth Consulting at Bexley, Melissa Maimann, 33, has become the first private midwife in Sydney to be accredited to deliver babies in a public hospital.

    She said this was exciting news for expectant mums who want a personalised delivery but might be experiencing a high-risk pregnancy.

    Ms Maimann said her model of care was unique in Australia because it included access to a back-up obstetrician.

    “I am able to support women with risk-associated pregnancies because obstetric care is available,” she said. “This is a real benefit to women as often those with high-risk pregnancies are limited to obstetric care with little, if any, midwifery input.”

    Ms Maimann, who established Essential Birth Consulting five years ago, has helped deliver about 76 babies.

    She was profiled in the Leader last December for becoming the first private midwife in St George to receive accreditation to provide Medicare-funded private midwifery services. This has equated to savings of about $2500 a client.

    Ms Maimann limits bookings to an average of two births each month to ensure a high quality service for families. She supports natural births, including water birth, and vaginal birth after caesarean, vaginal twin and vaginal breech births.

    “We know that continuity of care is the single most important factor for women in the pregnancy and birth care and I am proud to offer it,” she said.

    “Women may have care conveniently in their home or in my Bexley clinic.”

    There were 295,700 registered births in Australia in 2009, Australian Bureau of Statistics figures showed.

    Details: 0400 418 448 or essentialbirthconsulting.com.au

    Midwives still ‘on the fringes’

    A fantastic article that my colleague in WA was interviewed for. It explains the issues perfectly.

    REFORMS to the way midwives operate in WA may have been introduced last year, but unless doctors and hospitals get on board, the reforms are meaningless according to Gosnells midwife Pauline Costins.

    Mrs Costins is the first eligible private practice midwife in the State following the reforms.

    The changes made it possible for her to provide a midwife service not attached to a hospital that women could claim a Medicare rebate for.

    Hospitals and doctors play a part in births, at least for most women, especially those with high-risk pregnancies, so there is a level of interaction required between private midwives, doctors and hospitals.

    But Mrs Costins said doctors and hospitals had not been receptive to the reforms.

    … “I’ve written to 40 doctors and received one response, which was a polite ‘no’.”

    … She added many hospitals would not allow her to provide her services in their hospitals

    “I can’t take women into hospitals as a midwife, I have to drop them at the door. They don’t want me operating in their hospital.”

    Mrs Costins said Kelmscott Armadale Memorial Hospital had made her a casual employee to let her provide her services at the hospital, but that was just a temporary solution.

    She added that as well as giving a personalised service, a private midwife … offered six weeks of postnatal care in comparison to hospital midwives who provide about three days.

    A spokesperson for the Australian Medical Association WA said the association was willing to meet with midwives to discuss collaborative agreements.

    Our experiences in NSW have not been too dissimilar. I have contacted 26 obstetricians requesting a collaborative agreement; I am very fortunate that one Obstetrician has agreed and our model of care is working really well. As for admitting rights (recommended in the Maternity Services Review), NSW is yet to finalise a policy directive to enable midwife admitting rights. This is disappointing for women and midwives alike.

    Visit my website to explore birthing services